M15 FINAL EXAM - cumulative

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Evergreen Valley College *

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010

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Astronomy

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Apr 3, 2024

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M15 FINAL EXAM - cumulative Results for Tu Truong (She/Her) Score for this attempt: 96 out of 100 Submitted Jan 19 at 10:36pm This attempt took 40 minutes. 2 / 2 pts Question 1 Which is the largest? Earth Sun Correct! Correct! Moon 2 / 2 pts Question 2 What is between the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy? Gas Interstellar dust Both interstellar dust and gas Correct! Correct!
2 / 2 pts Question 3 Information required in a reference (bibliography) includes: (See Class Notes page 0) Title of the work Correct! Correct! The year the professor began teaching Name of the school where the professor teaches 2 / 2 pts Question 4 Why is it impossible to see Polaris (the North Star) when you are facing South? It would be behind you Correct! Correct! Polaris is only up during the day It is below the horizon 0 / 2 pts Question 5
Is star B ever below the horizon? Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m02- quiz-q14-18) No u Answered u Answered Yes rrect Answer rrect Answer 0 / 2 pts Question 6 A star rises directly in the East at noon. What direction will the observer look to see it 6 hours later? East and high in the sky North and high in the sky u Answered u Answered South and high in the sky rrect Answer rrect Answer
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West and low at the horizon 2 / 2 pts Question 7 Shown are two surfaces with impact craters. Which of these surfaces is younger? The lighter surface They are the same age The darker surface Correct! Correct! It is impossible to tell 2 / 2 pts Question 8 The Moon does not have auroras because:
It does not have a magnetic field Two of these Correct! Correct! All of these It does not have an atmosphere No solar wind hits it 2 / 2 pts Question 9 Shown are two surfaces with impact craters. Which of these surfaces is older? The lighter surface Correct! Correct! It is impossible to tell They are the same age
The darker surface 2 / 2 pts Question 10 How much of the total Moon’s surface is lit by the Sun while it is in a crescent phase? Half Correct! Correct! Less than half More than half 2 / 2 pts Question 11 In this diagram, Earth orbits the Sun in 365 days, and rotates once on its axis each 24 hours. The constellations that lie on the ecliptic are shown around and parallel to the Earth’s orbit. An observer is standing in San Jose at midnight and Taurus is overhead in the southern sky. One day later, which constellation will be directly overhead at midnight?
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Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m4- quiz-q21-25) Taurus Correct! Correct! Aries Scorpius Leo Gemini 2 / 2 pts Question 12 At what time will the Moon appear highest in the sky for the observer drawn on the left side of the earth? Hint: Remember that it takes Earth 24 hours to rotate one time, but in that time the Moon will barely move in its orbit.
Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m4- quiz-q42-43) 6 am Correct! Correct! Midnight 6 pm Noon 2 / 2 pts Question 13 Shown are three asteroids of differing sizes and distances to each other (d=distance, m=mass). Which pair has the strongest force of gravity between them?
B and Y R and B Correct! Correct! The gravitational force between the objects is the same. Y and R 2 / 2 pts Question 14 This graph illustrates how the orbital period and orbital distance of a planet are related. This relationship can also be calculated using the equation a = p . If a planet is 2 AU away from the Sun, how long does it take to go around the Sun one time? 3 2
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2.7 years Correct! Correct! 1 year 4.2 years 2 years 4.6 years 2 / 2 pts Question 15 This diagram shows a comet orbiting around the Sun. Four locations along its orbit are labeled A, B, C and D. At which location is the comet moving the slowest?
C B A Correct! Correct! D 2 / 2 pts Question 16 When studying sciences, it is important to collect exactly two types of evidence one type of evidence over and over to see if it changes many different types of evidence to see if they agree Correct! Correct!
2 / 2 pts Question 17 What must be true of the planet shown? Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona (https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA18818) / It must have an atmosphere Correct! Correct! It must have a hot, molten interior It must have liquid water on the surface 2 / 2 pts Question 18 Which of these moons has only impact craters on the surface
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because there are no volcanoes, stream beds or plate tectonics? Mimas Image credit: NASA (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mimas_moon.jpg) / Lo
Image credit: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona (https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA02308) / both of these Io neither of these Mimas Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 19 What is one major similarity between a Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) and a comet? Composition: they are both composed of rock and ice Correct! Correct! Location in the Solar System: they both stay in the outer solar system Orbit: they both have nearly circular orbits 2 / 2 pts Question 20
Which letter indicates the location of an object that orbits the Sun? D A C B All of these Correct! Correct!
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2 / 2 pts Question 21 What is one major similarity between a dwarf planet and a Kuiper Belt Object (KBO)? Orbit: they both have very elliptical orbits that bring the from the inner solar system to the outer solar system Size: they are both large enough to be round Debris in orbit: they both have lots of debris in their orbit Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 22 Which of these features is where hot, highly charged plasma is repelled by a magnetic field leaving only the lower charged, cooler plasma? A:
Image credit: NASA/JAXA (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:172197main_NASA_Flare_Gband_lg- part.jpg) / B:
Image credit: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (https://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/5509886875) / CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/) C: Image credit: NASA/SDO (https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/what-is-a-solar-prominence) / B Correct! Correct! A C
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2 / 2 pts Question 23 Hydrogen atoms fuse to become Helium atoms and heat energy Helium atoms and energy in the form of a gamma ray Correct! Correct! Heat energy and energy in the form of a Gamma ray 2 / 2 pts Question 24 Which of the following photons in the electromagnetic spectrum has the largest wavelength? X-rays (or Gamma-Rays) Microwave (or Radio) Correct! Correct! Visible (or UV or IR) All of these choices have the same wavelength 2 / 2 pts Question 25
Imagine you use your telescope to point it at three stars, and you collect the stars’ light and spread it out in a prism and determine the intensity for each type of photon to create wavelength-intensity curves. Which of the stars corresponds to star 6 shown in the H-R diagram? Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m09- quiz-q1-6) Star C Star A Star B Correct! Correct!
2 / 2 pts Question 26 Which of the different wavelengths of light listed below completely passes through Earth’s atmosphere and reaches the surface? Ultraviolet Infrared X-rays Visible Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 27 Imagine you use your telescope to point it at three stars, and you collect the stars’ light and spread it out in a prism and determine the intensity for each type of photon to create wavelength-intensity curves. Which of the stars is the hottest ?
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Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m09- quiz-q1-6) Star A and B Star B and C Star A only Star B only All three stars are at the same temperature Star A and C Correct! Correct! Star C only
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2 / 2 pts Question 28 What is the distance to a star with an apparent magnitude of 3 and an absolute magnitude of -2? less than 10 parsecs more than 10 parsecs Correct! Correct! exactly 10 parsecs 2 / 2 pts Question 29 What is the Luminosity of a main sequence star with a temperature of 2,500 K?
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Image credit: Richard Powell (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HRDiagram.png) / CC BY- SA 2.5 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/deed.en) Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m10- quiz-q28) .01 L .001 L Correct! Correct!
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100 L 1 L 10,000 L 2 / 2 pts Question 30 The motions of four distant stars (A - D) are shown relative to an observer on Earth with a telescope. The length of the arrow for each star indicates the speed. Which star has the greatest red-shift? Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m10-
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quiz-q1) Star C Star D Star B Star A Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 31 Which mass of star lives a shorter life? High mass stars Correct! Correct! Low mass stars 2 / 2 pts Question 32 Shown are three main sequence stars. Each one is a different size, but the color is not shown. Rank from longest to shortest the total amount of time it was a protostar before it was a main sequence star.
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Longest A B C Shortest Correct! Correct! Longest A C B Shortest All the stars would be a protostar for the same amount of time Longest B C A Shortest Longest C B A Shortest 2 / 2 pts Question 33 As a nebula is collapsing, how will atoms in the nebula move compared to each other? Toward each other Correct! Correct! Away from each other
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2 / 2 pts Question 34 What force pulls atoms closer to each other in a collapsing nebula? Centrifugal force Force of friction Force of gravity Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 35 The following list provides various stages of star formation and evolution for low mass stars (<8 MSolar) and high mass stars (>8 MSolar). What is the order of the first six stages for a low mass star? Notes: Do not include any stages that do not apply. It may help to do this on your own, and then match with an answer when you are done. A. Gravity Collapse of Gas/Dust Cloud B. Molecular Cloud of Gas and Dust C. G Spectral Class Main Sequence Star D. O Spectral Class Main Sequence Star E. Red Giant F. Horizontal branch (core Helium fusion) G. Red Super Giant (shell Helium fusion) H. Supergiant fusing heavy elements
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I. Planetary Nebula J. Supernova Type II K. White Dwarf L. Neutron Star M. Supernova Type I N. Black Hole O. Black Dwarf P. Nothing Earliest B A D E F G Latest Earliest A B F D E G Latest Earliest B C A F E G Latest Earliest B A C E F G Latest Correct! Correct! Earliest A B E C F G Latest 2 / 2 pts Question 36 How are a black hole and super nova type II related? A black hole is bigger than a super nova type II A black hole can create a super nova type II if it is massive enough Correct! Correct!
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A black hole is formed from the core of a massive star whose outer layers blast off during a super nova type II 2 / 2 pts Question 37 How are a planetary nebula and white dwarf related? Planetary nebula orbit white dwarfs Planetary nebula are the outer layers that explode off the core, which is a white dwarf Correct! Correct! Planetary nebula form when a white dwarf and black hole collide 2 / 2 pts Question 38 The H-R diagram has six stars. Note that only stars B, D, and E are main sequence stars. List, from earliest to latest, the stages in the life of a HIGH MASS star without a companion. Omit any stages shown on the diagram that do not apply.
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Earliest B F Latest Correct! Correct! Earliest C E A Latest Earliest D B Latest Earliest B D A Latest Information is insufficient to rank stages 2 / 2 pts Question 39 Rank the following from closest to the Moon to farthest from our Moon. A:
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Image credit: NASA, ESA, S. Beckwith (STScI), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://hubblesite.org/image/1677/news_release/2005-12) / B: Image credit: NASA (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sun920607.jpg) / C:
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Image credit: NASA/GSFC/Reto Stöckli, Nazmi El Saleous, and Marit Jentoft-Nilsen (https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=885) / D: Image credit: NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (STSI/ESA), Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team
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(https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0601a/) / CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Closest B A D C Farthest Closest C B D A Farthest Correct! Correct! Closest A B C D Farthest All of these objects are about the same distance from our Moon Closest C D B A Farthest 2 / 2 pts Question 40 No spacecraft from Earth has ever gone to orbit another star. Why not? Other stars do not interest astronomers because life cannot exist on the surface of a star because the surface of a star can be as hot as 40,000K. Other stars are much too far away, and since the fastest spacecraft we made went 1/15,000th the speed of light, it would take us 60,000 years to get there. Correct! Correct!
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Other stars are exactly like our Sun, and so we just study our Sun. There is no reason to want to study other stars. 2 / 2 pts Question 41 In which galaxy do you see lots of dust and gas? Both Spiral Galaxies and Elliptical Galaxies Neither Spiral Galaxies nor Elliptical Galaxies Spiral Galaxy Correct! Correct! Elliptical Galaxy 2 / 2 pts Question 42 Shown are three objects in our universe. Rank the following from closest to Earth to farthest from Earth. A:
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Image credit: NASA, The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://hubblesite.org/image/1415/news_release/2003-28) / B: Image credit: NASA (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mars_Valles_Marineris- Edit-MichaLR.jpg) / C:
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Image credit: NASA, NOAO, ESA, The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0105a/) / CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Closest B C A Farthest Correct! Correct! Closest A B C Farthest All of these objects are about the same distance from Earth Closest A C B Farthest Closest C B A Farthest 2 / 2 pts Question 43 Using Hubble’s Law, determine which of the following is moving
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faster away from Earth. A galaxy that is 6 million lightyears away or a galaxy that is 10 million light years away. Distance (lightyears) = velocity/(22km/s/million light years) they are the same distance the galaxy that is 10 million lightyears away is moving faster Correct! Correct! it is impossible to determine the speeds the galaxy that is 6 million lightyears away is moving faster 2 / 2 pts Question 44 Consider the objects Saturn, Venus, Sun, Asteroid, Mercury. Rank the size (from largest to smallest). Largest Sun Saturn Venus Mercury Asteroid Smallest Correct! Correct! Largest Sun Saturn Mercury Venus Asteroid Smallest Largest Saturn Sun Venus Asteroid Mercury Smallest
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Largest Sun Venus Saturn Asteroid Mercury Smallest Largest Venus Sun Saturn Mercury Asteroid Smallest 2 / 2 pts Question 45 Imagine that these four stars all became Main Sequence (MS) stars at exactly the same time 10 million (10,000,000) years ago, all at different distances from Earth: Astro Star: Spectral class O Main Sequence lifetime: 4 million years Will die as a Super Nova type II and become a black hole 40,000 light years from Earth Ben Star: Spectral class B Main Sequence lifetime: 30 million years Will die as a Super Nova type II and become a neutron star 15 billion light years from Earth Car Star:
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Spectral class F Main Sequence lifetime: 8 billion years Will die as a Super Nova type I that destroys it 10 million light years from Earth Doug Star: Spectral class K Main Sequence lifetime: 20 billion years It will die as a slowly cooling white dwarf. It is 6,000 light years from Earth. The star with the longest total lifetime is _____ and the star that is the farthest from Earth is ______. Car star Doug star Ben star Car star Astro star Ben star Doug star Ben star Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 46 Consider the objects in each list. Choose the list that is ranked correctly by size (from largest to smallest). Correct! Correct!
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Largest Nebula Sun Neptune Moon Smallest Largest Sun Neptune Moon Nebula Smallest Largest Jupiter Neutron star Uranus Mercury Smallest Largest Betelguese Titan Mars Elliptical galaxy Smallest Largest Sun Uranus Moon Spiral galaxy Smallest 2 / 2 pts Question 47 Which of these stars would be the worst to look at when searching for extraterrestrial life? A star with 1 solar mass A star with an absolute magnitude of +10
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A star with an absolute magnitude of +15 A star with 100 solar masses Correct! Correct! A G-2 type star 2 / 2 pts Question 48 Why do searches for extraterrestrial life use radio wavelengths? These wavelengths are less likely to be absorbed by interstellar gas and dust Correct! Correct! We have found extraterrestrial life in the past using radio wavelengths 2 / 2 pts Question 49 Why couldn’t life form on a planet that orbited one of the first stars after the Big Bang? Correct! Correct!
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All of those planets were made of hydrogen and helium, as no heavy atoms had been formed yet All of those stars were much too hot, and would therefore prevent liquid water from forming on the planets All of those stars were much too cold, and there would be no liquid for life to form in All of those stars were much too hot, and would fuse through their hydrogen and die before life could evolve 2 / 2 pts Question 50 What types of messages have we transmitted that could potentially be found by other civilizations? Both radio wavelength signals and sketches on a plaque on a spacecraft Correct! Correct! Sketches on a plaque on a spacecraft Radio wavelength signals
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Quiz Score: 96 out of 100
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