M15 FINAL EXAM - cumulative1

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M15 FINAL EXAM - cumulative Results for Tu Truong (She/Her) Score for this attempt: 98 out of 100 Submitted Jan 19 at 9:55pm This attempt took 36 minutes. 2 / 2 pts Question 1 Which is closest to Earth? Sun Moon Correct! Correct! Mars 2 / 2 pts Question 2 How many stars are in the Milky Way Galaxy? Hundreds of billions Correct! Correct! Roughly 50,000 Less than 100
2 / 2 pts Question 3 What is between the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy? Both interstellar dust and gas Correct! Correct! Interstellar dust Gas 2 / 2 pts Question 4 A star rises directly in the East at noon. At what time will you look to see it set? 6 pm Noon the next day 6 am midnight Correct! Correct! 9 pm 0 / 2 pts Question 5
When a circumpolar star is just above the Northern horizon, what direction does the observer see it moving? Down (toward the horizon) Up (toward zenith) u Answered u Answered Left (west) Right (east) rrect Answer rrect Answer 2 / 2 pts Question 6 How long does it take for Star G to complete one full circle in the sky? Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m02- quiz-q33-39) 24 hours Correct! Correct!
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12 hours 6 hours 2 / 2 pts Question 7 On the Moon, there are more impact craters on the: Mare basalt because it is harder than the highlands Mare basalt because it is softer than the highlands Highlands because it is younger than the mare basalt Highlands because it is older than the mare basalt Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 8 Which of the following is necessary for volcanoes to form on a planet or a moon? Liquid None of these Atmosphere
Hot molten interior Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 9 If you see this landform, does the planet currently have an atmosphere? Image credit: moonietoons (https://pixabay.com/en/desert- sand-sand-dunes-death-valley-1435076/) / CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) No Yes Correct! Correct!
2 / 2 pts Question 10 What time is it for the observer drawn on the right side of Earth in the diagram? Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m4- quiz-q39-41) 6 am 6 pm Midnight Noon Correct! Correct! 10 pm 2 / 2 pts Question 11
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This diagram shows the view south for an observer. Instead of the Sun or stars, however, this diagram shows only the Moon and its phase (the yellow side is lit by the Sun). What time of day does this diagram represent? Hint: Notice that the phase of the Moon is Full. Then figure out what time on Earth the observer must be at to see the Moon at that location in the sky. Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m4- quiz-q47) 6 am 6 pm Noon Midnight Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 12 If the Moon is a first quarter Moon, and you are looking for it at
sunset, what direction should you look? It is impossible to see at this time East West High in the South Correct! Correct! North 2 / 2 pts Question 13 An asteroid orbits the Sun at a = 4AU. How long does it take to orbit the Sun (what is the period, p)? a = p 3 2 2 years 4 years 8 years Correct! Correct! 23 years 2 / 2 pts Question 14
In this diagram, planet Arg is orbiting a star. If Planet Arg takes 4 months to move from position B to position C, how long will it take to move from position D to position A? Exactly 4 months More than 4 months Less than 4 months Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 15 This diagram shows a comet orbiting around the Sun. Four locations along its orbit are labeled A, B, C and D. At which location(s) will the comet be decreasing in speed (getting slower)? (note: to answer this question it is important to check the
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direction that the comet is traveling) A D Correct! Correct! C, D A, B, C B, C, D 2 / 2 pts Question 16 The difference between a planet and a moon is that a planet orbits the Sun, where as a moon orbits a planet. Which of the following do both planets and moons have in common? They all have atmospheres They all have metamorphic rocks
They all have volcanoes They all have auroras (Northern and Southern lights) They all have gravity Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 17 What feature in the image indicates that there was once liquid water on this surface? Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU (https://marsed.asu.edu/mep/water/channels/valley-networks) /
Lava flows Dried stream beds Correct! Correct! Impact craters 2 / 2 pts Question 18 Which of these moons has an interior hot enough to melt rock? Mimas Image credit: NASA (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mimas_moon.jpg) /
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Lo Image credit: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona (https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA02308) / Mimas both of these Io Correct! Correct! neither of these 2 / 2 pts Question 19 What is one major similarity between a Kuiper Belt Object (KBO)
and a comet? Orbit: they both have nearly circular orbits Observations from Earth: They both have comas and tails Location in the Solar System: they both stay in the inner solar system Size: they may both be the same sizes (from the size of a football field to the size of a county) Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 20 What is one major difference between an dwarf planet and a Jovian planet? Orbit: one orbits another star, the other orbits our Sun Size: one is large enough to be round, the other is lumpy and irregular-shaped Location in the Solar System: inner solar system vs outer solar system
Debris in orbit: one has lots of debris in its orbit, the other has nearly none Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 21 Ida is 50 km in diameter, orbits at 2.9 AU from the Sun (in the asteroid belt). Ida is a(n) Planet Asteroid Correct! Correct! Dwarf planet Comet 2 / 2 pts Question 22 Star A and F are the same brightness. Which star is bigger?
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Accessible text description of this graph (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m08- quiz-q48-52) F Correct! Correct! A They are the same size 2 / 2 pts Question 23 The graph shows the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, with the vertical axis showing the luminosity (in solar units) and the
horizontal axis showing the temperature in Kelvin. Find the star that has the same luminosity as A. Is that star larger or smaller than A? larger Correct! Correct! smaller 2 / 2 pts Question 24 How do X-ray wavelengths compare to gamma ray wavelengths? X-ray wavelengths are longer compared to gamma rays Correct! Correct! X-ray wavelengths are the same compared to gamma rays X-ray wavelengths are shorter compared to gamma rays
2 / 2 pts Question 25 Which of the different wavelengths of light can be observed using a reflecting telescope? Visible Correct! Correct! Gamma rays X-rays Radio 2 / 2 pts Question 26 In a refracting telescope, the objective lens is the larger lens and the eye piece is smaller. The objective lens has a ____________ focal length compared to the focal length of the eye piece. longer Correct! Correct! shorter
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2 / 2 pts Question 27 Which of these proposals should be funded? A visible light telescope high on a mountain near the equator to view planets and asteroids Correct! Correct! A gamma ray telescope high on a mountain in the desert to view pulsars An infrared telescope at sea level near the equator to view nebula 2 / 2 pts Question 28 What is the apparent magnitude of star B?
Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m10- quiz-q37) 1 5 Correct! Correct! 7 3 2 / 2 pts Question 29 Star C has an apparent magnitude of 3 and an absolute magnitude of 4. The distance to Star C is
Farther than 10 parsecs Equal to 10 parsecs Closer than 10 parsecs Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 30 What is the mass of a star with a luminosity of 1,000 L? Accessible text description of this diagram
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(https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m10- quiz-q34) 1.5 M 15 M 0.5 M 5 M Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 31 The figure shows H-R diagrams of four star clusters of different ages. Which H-R diagram shows the oldest group of stars that are old, low-mass red stars?
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Accessible text description of this diagram (https://sjeccd.instructure.com/courses/40207/pages/long-desc-m11- quiz-q18-20) D Correct! Correct! B C A
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2 / 2 pts Question 32 This simplified H-R diagram has luminosity increasing on the vertical axis and temperature increasing to the left on the horizontal axis. The Main sequence is indicated by the grey shaded line from upper-left to lower-right. There are 4 stars shown. Which of these letters represents a star that has recently used up all of the Hydrogen in the core, and is now fusing Helium? B A D Correct! Correct! C
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2 / 2 pts Question 33 What force pulls atoms closer to each other in a collapsing nebula? Centrifugal force Force of friction Force of gravity Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 34 Shown are three main sequence stars. Each one is a different size, but the color is not shown. Rank them from the hottest to the coolest temperature . Hottest A C B Coolest
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Hottest B C A Coolest Hottest C B A Coolest Hottest A B C Coolest Correct! Correct! All the stars would have the same temperature 2 / 2 pts Question 35 What ultimately determines whether a star will become a white dwarf or neutron star? The mass of the star Correct! Correct! The star’s distance from Earth The composition of the star 2 / 2 pts Question 36 The following list provides various stages of star formation and evolution for low mass stars (<8 MSolar) and high mass stars (>8 MSolar). Which of these letters represents the last two stages in the evolution of a low mass star with no companion? A. Gravity Collapse of Gas/Dust Cloud
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B. Molecular Cloud of Gas and Dust C. G Spectral Class Main Sequence Star D. O Spectral Class Main Sequence Star E. Red Giant F. Horizontal branch (core Helium fusion) G. Red Super Giant (shell Helium fusion) H. Supergiant fusing heavy elements I. Planetary Nebula J. Supernova Type II K. White Dwarf L. Neutron Star M. Supernova Type I N. Black Hole O. Black Dwarf P. Nothing J and N I and E H and I K and O Correct! Correct! M and P 2 / 2 pts Question 37 The following list provides various stages of star formation and evolution for low mass stars (<8 MSolar) and high mass stars (>8 MSolar). What is the order of the last three stages for a low
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mass star without a companion? Do not include any stages that do not apply. A. Gravity Collapse of Gas/Dust Cloud B. Molecular Cloud of Gas and Dust C. G Spectral Class Main Sequence Star D. O Spectral Class Main Sequence Star E. Red Giant F. Horizontal branch (core Helium fusion) G. Red Super Giant (shell Helium fusion) H. Supergiant fusing heavy elements I. Planetary Nebula J. Supernova Type II K. White Dwarf L. Neutron Star M. Supernova Type I N. Black Hole O. Black Dwarf P. Nothing Earliest I L P Latest Earliest H I K Latest Earliest H K O Latest Earliest I K O Latest Correct! Correct! Earliest J K O Latest 2 / 2 pts Question 38
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The following list provides various stages of star formation and evolution for low mass stars (<8 MSolar) and high mass stars (>8 MSolar). What is the order of the first six stages for a low mass star? Notes: Do not include any stages that do not apply. It may help to do this on your own, and then match with an answer when you are done. A. Gravity Collapse of Gas/Dust Cloud B. Molecular Cloud of Gas and Dust C. G Spectral Class Main Sequence Star D. O Spectral Class Main Sequence Star E. Red Giant F. Horizontal branch (core Helium fusion) G. Red Super Giant (shell Helium fusion) H. Supergiant fusing heavy elements I. Planetary Nebula J. Supernova Type II K. White Dwarf L. Neutron Star M. Supernova Type I N. Black Hole O. Black Dwarf P. Nothing Earliest B A D E F G Latest Earliest A B E C F G Latest Earliest B A C E F G Latest Correct! Correct! Earliest A B F D E G Latest Earliest B C A F E G Latest
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2 / 2 pts Question 39 Which of these galaxies has very few new stars and is composed of mostly older, low mass stars? 1: Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Kennicutt (Univ. of Arizona), SINGS Team (http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/2355-sig05-011-NGC-4725) / 2: Image credit: ESO, Judy Schmidt, J. Blakeslee (Dominion Astrophysical Observatory)
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(http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1516b/) / CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 3: Image credit: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://hubblesite.org/image/1636/news_release/2005-01) / 4: Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/S. Willner (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ssc2003-06c.jpg) / 5:
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Image credit: NASA, ESA, S. Beckwith (STScI), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://hubblesite.org/image/1677/news_release/2005-12) / 6: Image credit: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://hubblesite.org/image/2056/news_release/2007-08) / All of these galaxies 2 and 6 Correct! Correct! 1, 3, 4, and 5
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2 / 2 pts Question 40 A good example of dark matter is An elliptical galaxy A white dwarf An emission nebula A black hole Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 41 Shown are three objects in our universe. Rank the following from closest to Earth to farthest from Earth. A:
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Image credit: NASA, The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://hubblesite.org/image/1415/news_release/2003-28) / B: Image credit: NASA (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mars_Valles_Marineris- Edit-MichaLR.jpg) / C:
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Image credit: NASA, NOAO, ESA, The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0105a/) / CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Closest C B A Farthest Closest A B C Farthest Closest B C A Farthest Correct! Correct! Closest A C B Farthest All of these objects are about the same distance from Earth 2 / 2 pts Question 42 Which of these galaxies has evidence of gas and dust/ nebula?
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1: Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Kennicutt (Univ. of Arizona), SINGS Team (http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/2355-sig05-011-NGC-4725) / 2: Image credit: ESO, Judy Schmidt, J. Blakeslee (Dominion Astrophysical Observatory) (http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1516b/) / CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 3:
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Image credit: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://hubblesite.org/image/1636/news_release/2005-01) / 4: Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/S. Willner (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ssc2003-06c.jpg) / 5: Image credit: NASA, ESA, S. Beckwith (STScI), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://hubblesite.org/image/1677/news_release/2005-12) /
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6: Image credit: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) (http://hubblesite.org/image/2056/news_release/2007-08) / 2 and 6 All of these galaxies 1, 3, 4, and 5 Correct! Correct! 2 / 2 pts Question 43 Consider the objects marked A – D. Rank the distance from Earth (from closest to farthest) of the different objects. A:
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Image credit: NASA (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sun920607.jpg) / B: Image credit: NASA/JPL (https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00046) / C:
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Image credit: NASA/JPL/USGS (https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00405) / D: Image credit: NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (STSI/ESA), Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team (https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0601a/) / CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Closest D B C A Farthest All the objects have the same size Closest B C D A Farthest Closest C A B D Farthest Correct! Correct!
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Closest A B C D Farthest 2 / 2 pts Question 44 Imagine that these four stars all became Main Sequence (MS) stars at exactly the same time 10 million (10,000,000) years ago, all at different distances from Earth: Astro Star: Spectral class O Main Sequence lifetime: 4 million years Will die as a Super Nova type II and become a black hole 40,000 light years from Earth Ben Star: Spectral class B Main Sequence lifetime: 30 million years Will die as a Super Nova type II and become a neutron star 15 billion light years from Earth Car Star: Spectral class F Main Sequence lifetime: 8 billion years Will die as a Super Nova type I that destroys it 10 million light years from Earth Doug Star:
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Spectral class K Main Sequence lifetime: 20 billion years It will die as a slowly cooling white dwarf. It is 6,000 light years from Earth. Ben star has a much shorter lifetime than Car star, and they were both formed at the same time 10 million years ago. However, Car star is much closer to Earth than Ben star. Which one will we see die first? We will see them die at the same time Car star Correct! Correct! Ben star 2 / 2 pts Question 45 Imagine that these four stars all became Main Sequence (MS) stars at exactly the same time 10 million (10,000,000) years ago, all at different distances from Earth: Astro Star: Spectral class O Main Sequence lifetime: 4 million years Will die as a Super Nova type II and become a black hole 40,000 light years from Earth
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Ben Star: Spectral class B Main Sequence lifetime: 30 million years Will die as a Super Nova type II and become a neutron star 15 billion light years from Earth Car Star: Spectral class F Main Sequence lifetime: 8 billion years Will die as a Super Nova type I that destroys it 10 million light years from Earth Doug Star: Spectral class K Main Sequence lifetime: 20 billion years It will die as a slowly cooling white dwarf. It is 6,000 light years from Earth. The star with the longest total lifetime is _____ and the star that is the farthest from Earth is ______. Doug star Ben star Correct! Correct! Ben star Car star Astro star Ben star Car star Doug star
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2 / 2 pts Question 46 Consider the objects marked A – D. Identify each object. A: Image credit: NASA (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sun920607.jpg) / B: Image credit: NASA/JPL (https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00046) /
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C: Image credit: NASA/JPL/USGS (https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00405) / D: Image credit: NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (STSI/ESA), Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team (https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0601a/) / CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) A=Jupiter B=Uranus C=Mercury D=Neutron star A=Sun B=Neptune C=Moon D=Nebula Correct! Correct!
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A=Sun B=Neptune C=Moon D=Spiral galaxy A=Sun B=Uranus C=Moon D=Spiral galaxy A=Betelguese B=Titan C=Mars D=Elliptical galaxy 2 / 2 pts Question 47 Astronomers look for stars that have planets at a particular distance from them. Why? If a planet is too close or far, it is unlikely for water to be in the liquid form Correct! Correct! If a planet it too close, it is hard to tell if it is a large planet or small planet If a planet is too far, it might be torn apart by tidal forces 2 / 2 pts Question 48 Why do searches for extraterrestrial life use radio wavelengths? Correct! Correct!
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These wavelengths are less likely to be absorbed by interstellar gas and dust We have found extraterrestrial life in the past using radio wavelengths 2 / 2 pts Question 49 Which of these stars would be the worst to look at when searching for extraterrestrial life? A star with 1 solar mass A star with an absolute magnitude of +10 A star with 100 solar masses Correct! Correct! A G-2 type star A star with an absolute magnitude of +15 2 / 2 pts Question 50 Why are specific chemical building blocks are needed for life?
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Atoms need to be able to form complex molecules, and only certain atoms have that property Correct! Correct! There are different atoms in other parts of the universe, so because we are the region with carbon and hydrogen atoms, Earth is the only place life can form Quiz Score: 98 out of 100
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