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University of Colorado, Boulder *
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1000
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Astronomy
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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1 Name: ___________________________________ Student ID #: _____________________________ ASTR 1000 – 002 Intro to the Solar System Exam #1 13 February, 2024 ●
Write your name on each exam page. ●
Answer questions 1-15 on the bubble sheet provided using a #2 pencil.
●
Answer questions 16-19 in space provided.
●
Turn in this complete exam form and bubble sheet.
●
For multiple choice and T/F, always select the BEST answer
●
Please write legibly for short answer questions using no more than 3 sentences each. ●
You are allowed a 2-sided handwritten cheat sheet, and no other external resources.
●
Please raise your hand if you have questions
●
Phones should remain out of (your) sight throughout the exam.
Please remember that this exam, like all assignments you complete as a CU student, is covered by the University Honor Code. Make sure your student ID #, test form letter (B), and name are on your Scantron sheet. Make sure your name and student ID # are on this exam.
2 Name:________________________________ Part A. Multiple Choice. Submit answers via scantron. Scoring: 1 point/each. 1. The north-star is 40
o
above your horizon, due north. Where are you? A.
You are at the North Pole. B.
You are on the equator. C.
You are at longitude 40
o
E. D.
You are at latitude 40
o
N. E.
You are at latitude 40
o
S. Answer: D 2. On the scale of the cosmic calendar, in which the history of the universe is compressed to 1 year, how long has human civilization (i.e., since ancient Egypt) existed? A.
about half the year B.
about a month C.
a few hours D.
a few seconds E.
less than a millionth of a second Answer: D 3. What causes the stars to rise and set? A.
The Earth’s orbit around the Sun B.
Earth spinning on its axis C.
Our solar system moving in the Milky Way Galaxy D.
The Sun’s movement around the Earth E.
The Earth changing its axial tilt Answer: B 4. Astronomers saw (last night) a bright supernova explode in the Andromeda galaxy (the nearest big galaxy in the local group; located 2.5 million ly away). The remnants from such explosions disperse in about 10,000 years. Which of the following statements is true (select one)? A.
The supernova remnant still exists now, and we will watch it disperse over the next 10,000 Earth years. B.
In reality, the supernova remnant has already dispersed, but we will watch it disperse over the next 10,000 Earth years. C.
The image of the supernova dispersing will not reach us for another 2.5 million years. D.
We will never see the supernova remnant because it has already dispersed. E.
The supernova remnant still exists now, and we will watch it disperse over the next 2.5 million Earth years. Answer: B
3 5. Why do we see essentially the same face of the Moon at all times? A.
because the other face points toward us only at new moon, when we can't see the Moon B.
because the Moon does not rotate C.
because the Moon's rotational and orbital periods are equal D.
because the Sun illuminates only one half of the Moon at a time E.
because the Moon has a nearly circular orbit around Earth Answer: C Name:________________________________ 6. We say that the Moon is gibbous
when A.
it appears to be more than half illuminated, but not full. B.
it appears to be less than half illuminated, but not new. C.
it is exactly half illuminated. D.
we see a thin crescent of light. E.
the Moon is visible in the morning. Answer: A 7. It is summer in the Northern Hemisphere when A.
the Northern Hemisphere is located closer to the Sun than the Southern Hemisphere. B.
the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun and the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away. C.
Earth is at its nearest point to the Sun along its orbit. D.
Earth's axis points toward the North Star, Polaris. E.
There is exactly 12 hours between sunrise and sunset. Answer: B 8. Lunar eclipses can only happen when there is a _____ moon. A.
New B.
Full C.
Crescent D.
Gibbous E.
Super Answer: B
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4 9. Why did Ptolemy have the planets orbiting Earth on "circles upon circles" in his model of the universe? A.
to explain why more distant planets take longer to make a circuit through the constellations of the zodiac B.
to explain the fact that planets sometimes appear to move westward, rather than eastward, relative to the stars in our sky C.
to explain why the Greeks were unable to detect stellar parallax D.
to properly account for the varying distances of the planets from Earth E.
to explain why Venus goes through phases as seen from Earth F.
Answer: B
10. Which of the following is Not
a fundamental difference between the geocentric and Sun-
centered models of the solar system? A.
Earth is stationary in the geocentric model but moves around Sun in Sun-centered model. B.
Retrograde motion is real (planets really go backward) in geocentric model but only apparent (planets don't really turn around) in Sun-centered model. C.
Planetary orbits are circular in a sun centric model but require little circles whose centers rotate along big circle in the geocentric model. D.
The geocentric model is useless for predicting planetary positions in the sky, while even the earliest Sun-centered models worked almost perfectly. E.
Venus rotates around the Earth every 24 hours in the geocentric model but rotates around the Sun every 225 days in the Sun-centered model. Answer: D 11. The names of the seven days of the week are based on the A.
seven naked-eye objects that appear to move among the constellations. B.
seven planets closest to the Sun. C.
seven brightest stars in the prominent constellation Orion. D.
most popular Norse gods. E.
seven largest constellations of the ancient world. Answer: A 12. The conditions required for a solar eclipse are A.
(1) the phase of the Moon must be new; (2) the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with Earth and the Sun. B.
(1) the phase of the Moon must be full; (2) the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with Earth and the Sun. C.
(1) the phase of the Moon can be either new or full; (2) the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with Earth and the Sun. D.
(1) the phase of the Moon must be new; (2) the Moon must be located at the nearest point in its orbit around Earth. E.
(1) the phase of the Moon must be full; (2) the Moon must be located at the nearest point in its orbit around Earth. Answer: A
5 13. Which of the following phases does Venus actually display as viewed from Earth? A.
new and crescent phases only B.
gibbous and full phases only C.
all phases D.
Venus does not exhibit phases. E.
Full and new phases only Answer: C 14. According to Kepler's third law (
p
2
=
a
3
), a hypothetical planet that is twice as far from the Sun as Earth should have an orbital period of A.
exactly 1/2 Earth year. B.
exactly 2 Earth years. C.
between 1 and 2 Earth years. D.
between 2 and 3 Earth years. E.
It depends on the planet's mass. Answer: D 15. Kepler's second law, which states that as a planet moves around its orbit it sweeps out equal areas in equal times, implies that A.
a planet travels faster when it is nearer to the Sun and slower when it is farther from the Sun. B.
a planet's period does not depend on the eccentricity of its orbit. C.
planets that are farther from the Sun move at slower average speeds than nearer planets. D.
the period of a planet does not depend on its mass. E.
planets have circular orbits. Answer: A Name:________________________________
6 Part B. Short answer. Write your answers in the space provided. Scoring: 2 points/each. 16. The speed of light is 300,000 km/s. How far is a light-year? Be sure to show all work clearly on your calculations. ____________ 17. Briefly describe the Moon's cycle of phases.
Can you ever see a full moon at noon? Explain. Answer: Phases are due to the sunlit portion of the moon that is visible from Earth. The phases vary as the moon rotates around the Earth over approximately 1 month. During a full moon, the moon rises at sunset and sets at sunrise. Therefore, you can never see a full moon at noon. +more. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
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7 Name:________________________________ 18. Explain why Ptolemy’s method of creating a model of the Solar System DID follow the correct scientific method even though he got the wrong answer. Answer: To create his model of the solar system, Ptolemy proposed a model (his hypothesis) made predictions/observations, and refined his model when his observations (data) didn’t match his model. Despite the fact that he got the wrong answer, he proceeded to the best of the quality of his observations. ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Part C. Long answer. Write your answer in the space provided. Scoring: 5 points. 19. Draw a picture or pictures that explains the reason Earth has 4 seasons and includes the orientation of the Earth relative to the Sun. Label (1) the seasons in both hemispheres, (2) the equator, (3) the approximate Earth-Sun distance, (4) approximate Earth’s axial tilt, (5) the direction of Polaris.
8 Extra Page If Needed.