Astronomy Quiz Answers (1-3)

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Dec 6, 2023

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Quiz 1 : (25 points) Q1: The moon always keeps the same face towards the Earth, this is called ___ synchronous rotation__. Q2: Scientific laws cannot change. (False) Q3: We are looking at something 9,000,000 km across in space, how would we write this in scientific notation? A: 9 x 10 6 km Q4: In the celestial sphere, the point directly above you is called the ___ zenith ___ , and the circle that is 90 degrees from that point is called the ___ horizon ___ . Q5: Which of the following is the definition of an astronomical unit? (pick all that apply). A: 1.5 x 10 8 km 150,000,000 km The distance between the Sun and Earth Q6: If you were standing at the North Pole, looking up at the stars they would all _______ the celestial pole without rising or setting. A: circle Q7: When measuring Right Ascension across the sky, "2 hours" of right ascension is equivalent to an angle of _______ degrees of arc. A: 30 Q8 : If a star rises at 7:00 pm, what time will it rise in 120 days? A : 11:00am Q9: The equinoxes are the days when the Sun is over the celestial equator. Both hemispheres get ______ amounts of daylight and darkness. A: equal Q10: From the beginning of the lunar month (the moon is just getting between Earth and the Sun) to the end, order the following lunar phases. __ 2 Waxing gibbous. __ 5 Waning crescent. __ 4 Third quarter. __ 1 New Moon.

__ 3 Full Moon. Q11: The period of Earth's rotation with respect to the stars is the ____. A : sidereal day Q12 : The sky is divided into ______ constellations. A : 88 Q13: Because of Earth's motion in its orbit as the moon circles around it, a synodic month takes ______________ than a sidereal month. A: 2.2 days more Q14: The Sun is so far away from Earth that we do not see it in the sky as it really is at that given moment. Instead, the radiation that leaves the Sun, traveling at light speed, takes ________________________ to get here, so we actually see the Sun as it was in the past. A: 8 minutes Q15: The solar day is how many minutes longer than the sidereal? A: 4 minutes Q16: ________ is defined as the study of the objects that lie beyond our planet Earth and the processes by which these objects interact with one another. A: Astronomy Q17: All the planets revolving around the Sun lie very close to the ____ecliptic__ . Q18: On the celestial sphere, right ascension is measured like longitude but the Greenwich meridian denoting 0 degree is now the ___ vernal equinox. Q19: A _________ is any _________ on the surface of a sphere whose center is at the center of a sphere. A: great circle, circle Q20: Latitude and longitude have been super imposed onto the celestial sphere to map places in the sky. The terms for latitude and longitude change to ________ and _________. A : declination, right ascension Q21 : If we imagine the Earth's axis of rotation as a pole that runs through the Earth, where that pole hits the celestial sphere on both ends is called the North and South ___________. Answer: celestial poles Q22 : The ___-degree angle that the Earth revolves at is the reason we have the seasons. Answer: 23.5

Q23 : Match the type of eclipse to the events that take place. 3 Total eclipse. 2 Lunar eclipse. 4 Annular eclipse. 1 Solar eclipse. 1 . The Moon moves between the Sun and the Earth. 2 . The Moon moves into the Earth's shadow. 3 . The Moon completely covers the Sun and the Sun's corona is visible. 4 . The Moon only partially covers the Sun and is surrounded by a ring of light. Q24: From our vantage point here on Earth, the group of constellations through which the other planets and Sun appear to travel through, make up a collection known as the... A: zodiac constellations Q25: In science, hypotheses must explain ideas that can be ______. A: tested Quiz 2 : Q1: Galileo was able to use his telescope to see ..... (check all that apply) A: the topography of the Moon (craters, mountain ranges, etc.) the Moons of Jupiter the phases of Venus Q2: Ptolemy's explanation for retrograde motion was that the planets revolved around a small orbit called a(n) A: epicycle Q3: How was Neptune discovered? A: By looking at irregularities in the orbit of Uranus that must have been produced by the gravitational pull of another planet. Q4: One of Copernicus's biggest contributions to astronomy was advocating for the ___________ model.

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Q5: If an object orbits the sun at an average distance of 14 AU (astronomical units), what would its orbital period be in Earth years? Report your answer to 1 decimal place. Answer: 52.4 equation: a3 = p2 Step by step: 14 AU ^ 3 = 2744 P2 = 2744 square root of 2744 = orbital period therefore, the orbital period is 52.38 – rounded to 52.4 Q6: In Ptolemy's model, the planets orbit on small circles, and the centre of those circles orbit on a larger circle around Earth called a _________. A: deferent Q7: Polaris will always be the North Star. A: (False) Q8: Match each term with its definition Acceleration :Rate of change of the speed and direction of motion of a body. Density :How compact an object is. Velocity :The speed and direction of motion of a body. Mass :The amount of material in an object. Volume : The physical space an object occupies. Q9 : Assume we have two masses in space separated by some distance. What happens to the force of gravitational attraction between them if we halve the mass of one of the masses? A: It becomes two times weaker. Q10 : Using Newton's revision of Kepler's third law, calculate the mass (in solar masses) of a star where an Earth-like planet orbits it with a semi-major axis of 6 AU and a period of 3.49] Earth- years. Recall that for an Earth-like planet, its mass is negligible compared to that of the star.

Report your answer to two decimal places. A: 17.73 equation: m1 = a3/p2 m1 = (6)^3/(3.49)^2 m1 = 216 / 12.18 M1 = 17.733 Q11 : Long ago, the dominant theory was that the planets and the Sun revolved around the ___ Earth ___ (50 %) , which is know as the ___ geocentric ___ (50 %) model. Q12: All masses in the universe interact with each other through the force of ____. A: gravity Q13 : Why do astronauts inside of a space station orbiting Earth feel weightless? A: They are in free fall. Q14: Match the word to its definition. Satellite : A human-made object that orbits a planet. Perihelion : The place where a planet is closest to the Sun. Perigee : The place where a moon/satellite is closest to Earth. Aphelion :The place where a planet is farthest from the Sun. Apogee: The place where a moon/satellite is farthest from Earth. Moon : A natural object that orbits a planet. Q15: Imagine a child sitting on a spinning stool. They sit with their arms out and their friend begins to spin them. What happens to their speed when they bring their arms inward? A: Their speed increases because the distance to the spin axis has decreased. Q16 : Approximately how many years will it take for the Earth's axis to complete one full circle of precession? A : 26,000 years.

Q17: The apparent shift in the direction of an object as a result of the motion of the observer is called _____parallax_____ . Q18: Would your mass be greater or lesser on a planet smaller than Earth? A: It would be the same. Q19: The Sun is far enough away that its rays strike us at parallel lines. (True) Q.20 _______cosmology_______ is our concept of the origin and structure of the cosmos. Q21 : According to Kepler's first law: the ___ orbits ___ (50 %) of all planets are ___ elliptical ___ (50 %) Q22 : According to Newton's second law, if we push on an object with a larger force, the acceleration will be —------. A: greater Q23 : Newton's third law states that: For every action force there is a(n) ___ equal ___ (50 %) and ___ opposite ___ (50 %) reaction force Q24 : Assume we have two masses in space separated by some distance. What happens to the force of gravitational attraction between them if we increase the distance between them by 4 times?. A: It becomes 16 times weaker Q25 : According to Newton's first law, if an object is moving at a constant speed in a set direction, and there is no outside force acting on it A : it will continue to move at that speed and in that direction.

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Astronomy Quiz Answers (1-3)

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