Ch03 Process of Science A
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Angelo State University *
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1304
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Astronomy
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Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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What can you conclude from this, assuming that the geocentric model holds that the Sun, Moon, and planets like Mars all orbit around Earth in simple circles?
The geocentric model is wrong because it falsely predicts that Mars should always move in the same direction with respect to the stars.
Which of the following most closely explains what we would see from Earth according to the geocentric model that includes epicycles?
The planets would usually move west to east through the stars, but they appear to reverse direction when they are on the part of the epicycle that has motion opposite to that of the larger circle.
Show how Mars would appear to move in relation to the stars (top of the image) by placing the numbered labels (at right) on the locations Mars would appear to be in the sky for the corresponding orbital positions.
How does the heliocentric model explain the retrograde motion of Mars?
Tip:
It may be helpful to review the interactive diagram from the previous question.
The heliocentric model explains retrograde motion because Mars only appears to move backward as Earth passes it in its orbit around the Sun.
Study the figure, which shows the line of sight between Earth and two stars. Choose the answer that most closely matches what we would observe in our sky, according to this figure, if the Earth orbits around the Sun.
Over the course of a year, stars should appear to move back and forth, with stars closer to us moving a larger distance. However, they did not measure stellar parallax—the stars did not appear to move back and forth at all over the course of a year. What is the most likely reason for this apparent lack of motion?
The stars must be so distant that their parallaxes are too small for the ancient Greeks to have been able to measure with their technology.
What would be the next step in the scientific process for the Copernican heliocentric model?
Make predictions from Copernicus’s model, and verify them with observations.
View the AstroTour animation on Kepler's Laws
and then choose the statements below that are correct. Halley’s Comet has a highly eccentric orbit.
Elliptical orbits cause a planet to sometimes be closer to and sometimes farther away from the Sun.
Watch the AstroTour on Kepler's Laws
and choose the statement below that directly follows from Kepler’s second law of planetary motion.
Venus is traveling faster when it is at perihelion (the closest distance to the Sun) than when it is at aphelion (the farthest distance from the Sun). Watch the
AstroTour on Kepler's Laws
, focusing on Kepler’s third law of planetary motion. What is this law useful for?
predicting planetary positions as a function of time
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