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Dec 6, 2023
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PHYS 1404: Chapter 7 Atoms and Spectra - Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
Name: Alexis Diaz
1.
“Using Light to Study Planets
”
. Read the information in the link in the “Current
events” under “Content” tab. Summarize how this article relates to this chapter in
your own words in 10 - 15 sentences without copying the text from the article.
This
question is worth 3 points.
NASA scientists use remote sensing to study the composition of elements and
structures on planets, enabling them to detect objects far beyond our direct view.
This technique is particularly useful in observing the effects of climate change,
such as carbon dioxide emissions from plants. NASA aims to develop new remote
sensing approaches that are responsive to vegetation changes worldwide,
enabling them to understand how the rainforest responds to deforestation or
how the Arctic tundra greens due to melting permafrost and increasing
temperatures. Two remote sensing techniques are used to measure the changing
pulse of terrestrial ecosystems: solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and
satellite imagery. SIF measures the faint glow of re-radiated light energy emitted
at longer wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be used to
measure a leaf's pulse. NASA hopes to match data from older satellites with
newer ones, such as the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2), to map this
glow as a measure of actual photosynthesis. This approach aims to reduce
uncertainties in land-atmosphere CO2 exchange and measure the health of
plants on Earth.
2.
Name and briefly describe Kirchhoff’s laws of spectra.
PHYS 1404: Chapter 7 Atoms and Spectra - Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
a.
A continuous spectrum is created when a solid, liquid, or dense gas is
energized to release light because it will radiate at all wavelengths
b.
A low-density gas that has been stimulated to emit light will do so at
particular wavelengths, creating an emission spectrum.
c.
An absorption spectrum is produced when light with a continuous
spectrum travels through a cold, low-density gas
.
3.
Describe two ways in which an atom can become excited.
a.
collisions with other atoms
b.
electrons or by absorbing a photon.
4.
An object at a temperature of 875 K.
At what wavelength (in nm) does this object
radiate the most energy?
3312nm
5.
A certain star has a peak wavelength in the red end of the visible spectrum, at 745 nm.
What is the temperature (in K) of this star?
3895K
6.
Fill in the blank with
red
or
blue
:
Cool stars tend to be
red
in color, and hot stars tend
to be
blue
in color.
7.
You can change the charge of an atom by adding or removing the number of
protons
.
8.
Wien’s law quantitatively expresses the relation between a blackbody’s
temperature
and
wavelength
.
9.
Why is the Kelvin temperature scale useful in astronomy?
good to use for
really hot
and cold places in space
10. A beta Paschen decay involves an electron jumping from the
fifth
to the
third
energy
level.
PHYS 1404: Chapter 7 Atoms and Spectra - Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
11. The Stefan Boltzmann law mathematically relates the
Energy emitted
of a blackbody
to the
temperature of the surface.
12. The three different types of atomic spectra are:
a.
emission spectra
b.
absorption spectra
c.
continuous spectra
13. If a star is moving away from you, explain what happens to the wave length of the
light emitted by the star and what kind of Doppler shift do you observe?
As an object moves away from us, the sound or light waves emitted by the object
are stretched out, which makes them have a lower pitch and moves them
towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum, where light has a longer
wavelength. In the case of light waves, this is called redshift.
14. “Why NASA is sending a mission to a metal world
”
. Read this article in “Current
events” under “Content” tab. Summarize the events in 10 - 15 sentences.
NASA is set to launch a mission to visit the metal-rich asteroid Psyche, the
largest M-type metallic asteroid in our solar system. The asteroid is located in
the main asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The mission,
named Psyche, is expected to lift off on Thursday and will spend about two years
studying Psyche with scientific instruments to determine its true nature. Psyche
was discovered by Italian astronomer Annibale de Gasparis in 1852 and is the
largest M-type metallic asteroid in our solar system. Radar and telescope
observations have revealed that Psyche likely contains iron and trace amounts of
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PHYS 1404: Chapter 7 Atoms and Spectra - Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
nickel, all of which are abundant in the solar system. However, the asteroid's
density suggests it isn't made of solid metal. Psyche also appears to contain some
rocky material and silicate, or the material detected in glass and sand.
Researchers believe that Psyche began as the iron-rich core of an early planetary
building block from the beginning of the solar system. Over time, Psyche likely
collided with other rocky objects, losing its outer crust and mantle until only its
metal core remained. Scientists believe studying Psyche could help them address
key questions about planet formation. Earth, Mercury, and Mars have metallic
cores, but they are too deep below their planets' rocky shells to be seen or
studied directly. If the mission's observations confirm that Psyche is really an
exposed metallic core, astronomers could learn the truth about what lies at the
heart of our planet. The spacecraft's instruments will also look for signs of
differentiation on the asteroid's surface when elements separate inside of a
planet and cause heavy materials (such as metals) to sink to the middle and form
a core.
15. “What is an attosecond — and why did this year's Nobel Prize in physics depend
upon them?
”
. Read this article in “Current events” under “Content” tab. Summarize
the events in 10 - 15 sentences.
Three researchers have won the 2023 Nobel Prize in physics for their work on
illuminating molecules with attosecond-long flashes of light. Attoseconds are
extremely short pulses of light, with approximately as many attoseconds in one
second as there are seconds in the age of the universe. Researchers used
PHYS 1404: Chapter 7 Atoms and Spectra - Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
femtosecond light pulses to study the motion of heavier and slower-moving
atomic nuclei, but electrons move too fast for scientists to parse exactly what
they are up to at the femtosecond level. The rearrangement of electrons in atoms
and molecules guides many processes in physics and chemistry. Researchers
have put a lot of effort into figuring out how electrons are moving and
rearranging. To investigate these processes, scientists use spectroscopy, a method
of examining how matter absorbs or emits light. Using the attosecond scale,
researchers can illuminate electron behavior in real time. Attosecond pulses help
answer research questions such as breaking a chemical bond, a fundamental
process in nature where electrons that are shared between two atoms separate
out into unbound atoms. The ability to generate attosecond pulses first became
possible in the early 2000s and has continued to grow rapidly since. By providing
shorter snapshots of atoms and molecules, attosecond spectroscopy has helped
researchers understand electron behavior in single molecules, such as how
electron charge migrates and how chemical bonds between atoms break.