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Astronomy
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Dec 6, 2023
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PHYS 1404: Chapter 6 – Light and Telescopes –Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
Name: Alexis Diaz
1.
What are the reasons for light being referred to as Electromagnetic radiation?
Charged particles such as electrons and protons create electromagnetic fields
when they move.
2.
If light has a frequency of 5.4 x 10
10
Hz, what is the wavelength of the light?
5.56
millimeters
3.
If light has a wavelength of 480 nm, what is the frequency and color of the light?
(Hint: 1 nm = 10
-9
m.)
6.25x1014
4.
State the seven types of electromagnetic radiation in decreasing frequency:
Gamma Rays, X-rays, UV rays, Visible light rays, Infrared rays, Microwave,
Radio waves
5.
Fill in the blanks with
higher
or
lower
:
Red light corresponds to
Lower
frequencies, and Blue light corresponds to
Higher
frequencies.
6.
Which types of light can you observe from a telescope built on the surface of the
Earth?
Visible light and radio waves
7.
Refracting
telescopes use lenses to focus the light, and
Reflecting
telescopes
use mirrors to focus the light.
8.
Name two benefits that large-diameter telescopes have over small-diameter
telescopes:
a.
Large-diameter telescopes have a greater collecting area
can gather
more light.
PHYS 1404: Chapter 6 – Light and Telescopes –Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
b.
Large-diameter telescopes also have higher resolving power -- it's
easier to see details
9.
Describe in detail why almost all modern telescopes are reflecting telescopes and
the differences between reflecting and refracting telescopes.
Reflectors work in a
wider spectrum of light since certain wavelengths are absorbed when passing
through glass elements like those found in a refractor or in a catadioptric
telescope.
10. Your telescope has an eyepiece of focal length 0.5 cm and can produce an image
with magnification of 200.
What is the focal length of your primary lens?
100 cm
11.
The process by which astronomers use groups of smaller telescopes to act as one
big telescope is known as
interferometry
12. Light in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum is absorbed by
the ozone layer
in our
atmosphere.
13.
What is the name of the optical telescope in Earth orbit, and what advantages does
this telescope have compared to optical telescopes on the ground?
Hubble, the
ground telescopes miss much of the infrared and ultraviolet light.
14. “Current events” under “Content” tab. Read the article “How telescopes make the
universe self-aware” and write 10 – 15 sentence summary of this article.
Astronomers are exploring the universe's history by looking back in time
using telescopes. The Hubble Space Telescope can see 13.3 billion years back
in time, while the James Webb Space Telescope will be able to peer even
further back in time. The goal is to find the first light that turned on at the
PHYS 1404: Chapter 6 – Light and Telescopes –Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
beginning of cosmic time, which will help us understand how our universe
formed and why it looks the way it does today. However, the universe was
shrouded in darkness for hundreds of millions of years before starlight. New
telescopes may be able to see deeper into the darkness, breaking through
barriers that even the Webb Space Telescope cannot. One solution is to build
a radio telescope on the far side of the moon, which could help scientists peer
into the dark ages, though not necessarily all the way back to the Big Bang.
However, even a giant radio telescope on the far side of the moon could only
take us so far. Scientists have the technology to record gravitational waves,
which are ripples in spacetime caused by mass bending space. They believe
there are gravitational waves emanating from the early, hot universe after
the Big Bang. NASA and the European Space Agency have plans for a space-
based gravitational observatory called LISA, to launch in 2034. The
telescopes help answer the question of why the universe looks the way it does
today, and are seen as a means to close a loop between the universe and
humans. There will never be one ultimate telescope that can see everything
humans want to see, and future telescopes may focus on other planets or
stars.
15. “Current events” under “Content” tab. Read the article “Major Space Telescopes”
and write 10 – 15 sentence summary of this article and how it relates to the
Chapter 6.
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PHYS 1404: Chapter 6 – Light and Telescopes –Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
NASA's Great Observatories, including Hubble, Chandra, Spitzer, Herschel,
Kepler, Fermi, Swift, INTEGRAL, X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission Newton,
Galaxy Evolution Explorer, and Convection Rotation and planetary Transits,
have revolutionized astronomy by providing stunning images of countless
cosmic objects and providing distant views of the universe. Hubble has shed
light on the scale of the universe, the life cycle of stars, blackholes, and the
formation of the first galaxies. Chandra examines X-rays emitted by some of
the universe's strangest objects, such as quasars, immense clouds of gas, and
dust particles sucked into black holes. Herschel, the largest infrared
telescope, will look at the far-infrared to sub-millimeter wavelengths of light
generated by some of the coldest objects in space. Kepler will search for
Earth-like planets in the galaxy and has already detected the highest energy
gamma ray burst yet. The X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission Newton has found
detected galaxies billions of light years away from Earth, observed magnets
and star-forming regions, and investigated black hole formation. SOHO, a
space telescope, focuses on studying the structure and dynamics of the sun's
interior and solar wind. It has taken first images of the sun's convection zone,
sunspot structure, and discovered new phenomena like solar tornadoes.
SOHO has also spotted 1,500 new comets. STEREO, a spacecraft that moves
apart to observe the Sun and solar phenomena, has taken 3-D images of
solarstorms called Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). NASA's James Webb
Space Telescope, designed to build on Hubble's legacy, is slated to launch in
PHYS 1404: Chapter 6 – Light and Telescopes –Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
2013. The golden age of space astronomy is expected to continue for some
time.
16. “Current events” under “Content” tab. Read the article “James Webb Space
Telescope vs Hubble: How will their images compare?” and write 10 – 15
sentence summary of this article and how it relates to the Chapter 6.
NASA's James Webb Space Telescope is set to launch on December 24, 2021,
and is expected to become the most powerful telescope in space. The
telescope is designed to "see" objects 10 to 100 times fainter than what
Hubble can see, with its giant gold mirror and infrared light observation
tools. While Hubble has provided stunning images over the years, its science
instruments are still going strong, and both telescopes are set to observe
together in space. Webb is often described as Hubble's replacement or
successor, but it will travel much farther, to a gravitationally stable spot
930,000 miles from Earth known as the Sun-Earth Lagrange point 2 (L2).
Both telescopes have different wavelengths, with Webb primarily detecting
infrared light. Although Webb's images will be better in ways, they will also
be fundamentally different due to their different wavelengths. Hubble can see
light at a wavelength range of about 200 nanometers (nm) to 2.4 microns,
while Webb's range will go from about 600 nm to 28 microns. Despite this,
Webb has a much larger mirror and cutting-edge detectors, allowing it to see
deeper into the infrared spectrum than Hubble. Webb was designed to "see"
the first stars and galaxies that ever formed in the early universe, detecting
PHYS 1404: Chapter 6 – Light and Telescopes –Assignment
© 2018-2023 Lone Star College. All Rights Reserved.
Write your Name.
Do not alter header or question numbers. Abide by LSC Academic Integrity.
objects 10 billion times fainter than the faintest stars visible with no
telescope. It is equipped with four scientific instruments, including the Near
Infrared Camera (NIRCam), the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec), the
Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), and the Fine Guidance Sensor/Near
Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS-NIRISS).
NASA's Johnson
Space Center opened the asteroid-sample canister for the first time in over
seven years, revealing dark powder and sand-sized particles inside. The
sample, once on the surface of an asteroid named Bennu, will be studied for
decades to understand the solar system's formation and early evolution. The
ARES team hasn't yet accessed the main
sample.
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