kmitchell_ Module 02 Course Project - Scientific Method Research Paper_02162023
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Rasmussen College *
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HUS3130
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Astronomy
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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Unraveling the Mystery of Dark Matter: Applying the Scientific Method
Kierra Mitchell
Rasmussen University
COURSE#: Module 02 Course Project - Scientific Method Research Paper
Fei Wang February 16, 2023
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Unraveling the Mystery of Dark Matter: Applying the Scientific Method
Dark matter, a mysterious substance that makes up about 27% of the universe, has long perplexed physicists. Despite its pervasive influence on the cosmos, it has remained elusive and invisible, only detectable through its gravitational effects on visible matter. Recent advancements
in scientific inquiry, as highlighted in a Phys.org article titled "New Experiments Shed Light on Dark Matter's Elusive Nature," delve into the depths of this enigma, employing the scientific method to unlock its secrets.
Initial Observations:
The initial observations that revealed the existence of dark matter stemmed from discrepancies between the observed gravitational effects in galaxies and the mass of visible matter. Galaxies were observed to rotate at speeds inconsistent with the amount of visible matter present, suggesting the existence of an invisible, massive component exerting gravitational influence.
Hypothesis:
Based on these observations, the hypothesis emerged that an unseen form of matter, termed dark matter, permeates the universe, exerting gravitational forces on visible matter.
Tests:
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Direct Detection Experiments:
Scientists have constructed highly sensitive detectors buried deep underground to capture potential interactions between dark matter particles and ordinary matter. These experiments aim to directly detect dark matter particles through their rare interactions with atomic nuclei.
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Particle Accelerator Experiments:
Physicists conduct experiments on particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), to recreate conditions similar to
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those in the early universe. These experiments seek to produce and study hypothetical particles that could constitute dark matter.
3.
Astrophysical Observations:
Astronomers utilize telescopes and other observational tools to study the distribution of visible matter and gravitational effects on cosmic scales. By mapping the gravitational lensing caused by dark matter, researchers gain insights into its distribution and properties.
Changes to the Original Hypothesis:
While the hypothesis of dark matter's existence remains robust, ongoing research has led to refinements and alterations in the understanding of its nature. For instance, early theories proposed that dark matter consists of massive, slow-moving particles known as WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). However, as direct detection experiments failed to detect WIMPs,
alternative hypotheses involving lighter or more elusive particles, such as axions or sterile neutrinos, have gained traction.
Furthermore, astrophysical observations have revealed discrepancies between the distribution of dark matter predicted by simulations and actual observations of galaxies and galaxy clusters. These disparities have prompted revisions in models describing the properties and behavior of dark matter, emphasizing the need for further investigations and theoretical developments.
In conclusion, the quest to unravel the mysteries of dark matter exemplifies the rigorous application of the scientific method. Through meticulous observation, hypothesis formulation, and rigorous testing, scientists continually refine their understanding of this elusive cosmic
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constituent. While challenges persist, ongoing research holds promise for shedding light on one of the universe's most profound mysteries.
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References
Phys.org. "New Experiments Shed Light on Dark Matter's Elusive Nature." Phys.org, www.phys.org/news/2024-02-dark-elusive-nature.html.