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Humanities 102: Worldviews of Madness, Mental Illness, and Emotional Distress
Fall 2023
Instructor: Emily R. Douglas
Antipsychiatry Test: 20%
Total: 35 points
GUIDELINES:
You have from 3 hours to
complete this test. If you are writing it on paper, you must hand it in to the teacher. If you are writing it by computer/other device, you must submit it in the Omnivox Assignment Dropbox in PDF or DOCX format. DO NOT LEAVE ANY ANSWERS ON THIS PAPER THAT ARE NOT ALSO IN YOUR BOOKLET OR YOUR ONLINE, UPLOADED FILE. All answers to Part B must be written in your own words, and should refer back to the key terms and ideas we have studied last in the last weeks. Use class sources broadly, and try not to use external sources.
Part A. Terms and Vocabulary (/10 points, 1 each). 1.
Whereas we call being imprisoned incarceration, we call being placed in a health care institution that controls your daily life Hospitalization (one word).
1.
2. The two types of shock therapies most commonly used on schizophrenics in the 30s-50s were
:
electroconvulsive and insulin 3.
Name the communal living space which R.D. Laing and the Philadelphia Association founded in London in 1965: Kingsley Hall
4. The philosophical movement that influenced R.D. Laing’s thoughts about madness was: a. Empathicalism
b
. Existentialism
c. Liberalism
d. Nihilism
e. Positivism
5. True or False: The Counterculture was an organized, intentional coalition of social movements banding together: ______________. False
6. Which of the following is not
true about antipsychiatry ? (Choose 1)
a. Some antipsychiatrists maintained the use of psychoanalysis and talk therapy.
b. No prominent antipsychiatrists had been trained as psychiatrists.
c. Antipsychiatry paid special attention to the experience of psychosis. d. Antipsychiatrists oppose involuntary psychiatric commitment.
e. Antipsychiatry was a counter-cultural movement that began in response to the increasing medical model of mental illness. 7. Rather than call a patient according to their diagnosis or label them mentally ill, RD Laing preferred to use language such as
Experiencing a personal crisis,Going through a difficult time emotionally,Struggling with existential concerns.
up to 3 phrases)
8. True or false: Antipsychiatrists often compare psychiatric hospitals to prisons. _______________
True
9. True or false: Laing noticed that upon sending a group of women ‘schizophrenics’ who were healing back to their family homes, the patients relapsed. _______________ True
10. True or false: Antipsychiatrists argue that we use the label “mental illness” more often based on outward behaviour than on a person’s emotions or firsthand experience. True
Part B: Short Answer. (/25 points, 5 pts each)
Answer each question in one paragraph, 5-10 sentences
. You may consult all class sources but the answers must be in your own words, in complete sentences. Focus on explaining and showing off what you know. 1.
How was a psychiatric hospital in the 1960s-70s similar to a prison? Give at least 3 similarities and 1 different between these. Briefly explain why both are seen as serving the social purposing of containing and excluding those with ‘deviant’ behaviours. Both people in psychiatric medical centres and prison are forced to take psychiatric drugs, Both the patients and the prisoners cannot leave, they don’t have control over their activities, instead it’s scheduled and they have to follow it. The differences between them is that in Institutionalization they place them in hospital in order to get treated and cared of according to them. On the other hand, an Incarceration system is put to keep people safe,
and punish those who did “mistakes” by imprisoning them. They’re both seen as serving the social purposing of containing and excluding those with ‘deviant’ behaviours because people believe that both of them could be dangerous and harmful to society whether it’s due to a mental health issues or criminal behaviours.
2.
What do historians and social theorists mean when they refer to Counterculture in the 1960s? Give at least
2 examples of 1960s social movements that can be said to be countercultural and state what they were opposing. How does this relate to antipsychiatry? The counterculture was a movement that rejected the social expectations, in
result to boom in consumer products, gender roles, and social norms. And for
examples of counterculture movements we can refer to the hippie movement in which was opposing to traditional norms, including sexuality. Second one is the civil right movement, which was opposing the racial segregation and discrimination of black people and demanding for equal rights. The connection to anti psychiatry was that both the Counterculture
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and anti psychiatry questioned the authority, and rejected their approaches to mental health and social expectations.
3.
What does R.D. Laing mean by ontological insecurity? Explain both words in the term, and what kinds of
contemporary diagnoses it applies to. Was Mary Barnes ontologically insecure? Why / not ? Ontological insecurity is insecurity of your own existence. Onto refers to to be and logical refers to being existence. It applies to diagnosis like schizophrenia, and similar personality disorders. Yes Mary Barnes was seen as ontologically insecure since she had disruptions in herself and reality.
4.
Briefly explain the importance of behaviour in the 1950s-60s family structure, according to R.D. Laing’s viewpoint. Why did Laing think that the family home was, in most cases, an inappropriate place for healing distress? What problems could family dynamics cause?
according to Laing viewpoint family played a very important role in shaping a
child’s mental health. Laing thought that the family is a bad place for healing
distress, because it could be that the family who caused the distress to the patient. And that returning might cause relapses. He also believed that family dynamics could cause ontological insecurities within individuals if they
were told that their emotions don’t matter, and that they should behave correctly.
5.
Briefly, what was the structure and functioning of Kingsley Hall? How did its residents interact, and how was this meant to be healing? If you knew you were going to break down, would you want to do it at Kingsley Hall? Highlight one specific reason why or why not.
Kingsley Hall was a residental community with no set schedules, everyone was welcome, people shared different skills, talked and expressed their problems to others. Shores were divided to the most conscious and more mentally stable ones. Residents shared experiences and feeling together, with no set expectations, therefore everyone felt accepted, which allows them to explore themselves more without judgement. Which could help in healing their mental health issues. If God forbid, I felt like I was going through a break down, I wouldn’t go there,
because if I’ve seen mentally ill people that is much severe than me trying to get help there, I feel like my condition would get worst and that it would have a gloomy vibe.