WORKSHEET AHIS 1 2

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Santa Monica College *

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1057

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Arts Humanities

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Apr 3, 2024

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SANTA MONICA COLLEGE Worksheet part 1: Choosing Work of Art from AHIS 1 (Prehistory to Late Medieval Art) Style/Culture Artwork Example/Title Creator/Artist 1. Ancient Egypt Wall Painting of Nefertari Tomb Unknown 2. Neo Babylonian Ishtar Gate Unknown 3. Ancient Classical Greek Figures of 3 Goddesses “East Pediment” Phidias 4. Now, select only one of the three artworks and answer both of the following questions in two to three sentences: The Wall Painting of Nefertari’s Tomb · When was this artwork created? What is the medium/material in which this artwork was executed (i.e. oil on canvas, marble etc.)? The wall painting was created in the Ancient Egypt New Kingdom period. The medium was mu- ral painting scenes on Nefertari's tomb. The colors were natural materials of clay, limestone, gypsum-based plaster, and natural materials, ground minerals, and stone for color. · Where is its current location? What is its place of origin? a. The tomb of Nefertari and the wall paintings organs and location is in the Valley of the Queens on the west of the Nile River near Luxor Egypt.

SANTA MONICA COLLEGE b. Student Name _English Cleveland _ Worksheet part 2: Artwork Chart Artwork What is your chosen artwork from part 1 ? Include a link to or a picture of the artwork. The Wall Painting of Nefertari Tomb https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publi - cations_resources/pdf_publications/pdf/ art_eternity2.pdf I. Describe the artwork in detail . For in- stance, how would you describe it to someone who could not see it? The vivd painting of the pictures on the walls of Nefertari’s tomb are of beauty and histori- cal significance. The tomb chamber is dark but the surrounding walls are painted with vibrant pigmented colors made of naturals minerals, plants and stones. The deep blue, bright yel- low and luscious greens mixed are applied to the plaster surface made of limestone and gypsum allow the pigments to cohere. The paintings were of ancient Gods and Goddesses such as Osiris the God of Dead, Hathor, the goddess of love and fertility, Ra the sun god, Anubis, the god of mummification and after- life. There’s funerary rituals like incense and food offerings. The paintings also display the journey to the afterlife, boats and gods and demons on the way to the final judgement in front of Osiris. The Hieroglyphics display the achievements, prayers of safe keeping and wellbeing in the afterlife. Queen Nefertari is included in the paintings to identify her tomb.

SANTA MONICA COLLEGE II. Choose elements of the artwork that you believe are most important to how you ex- perience it and explain why. For instance, what particularly catches your senses or makes you want to keep experiencing it? Does the choice of medium impact your ex- perience? The Vibrant Colors and intricate details, the symbolism and iconography and choice of medium stand out the most as the intricate details contribute to the immersive experience of the artwork in Nefertari’s tomb. All of the senses are invig- orated when connecting to Egypts culture and heritage. Assumptions about your artwork III. State your opinion on what you believe is the purpose of this artwork and the suc- cess of the creator in achieving the purpose. For instance, what message do you be- lieve the creator is trying to express, and is that message successfully expressed? The purpose of this artwork in Nefertari’s tomb served as religious and spiritual purpose of- fering the dead assistance and a fulfilling afterlife. The paintings depict the journey and inter- actions with gods and goddesses as well as honors the memory of the life lived on earth. The decorations are blessings for a smooth transition. All of these practices captivate the Egyp- tian culture as well as the present day viewer.

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SANTA MONICA COLLEGE IV. Discuss how the artwork reflects the culture (or context) in which it exists. Be sure to address what aspects of culture have relevance for this artwork: politics, history, reli- gion, social perceptions, technology, media, education, and so on. In other words, how do the artwork and its culture interrelate? The painting reflect the ancient Egyptian culture, the rituals and ceremonial practices to pre- serve the body as well as the offerings and items included in the tomb, the paintings in Ne- fertari’s tomb are indicative of the Egyptians belief in the afterlife, the paintings depict the journey of life on earth as well as the journey to the afterlife, the hieroglyphics tell the story and include gods and goddesses to represent the mythology. Being that Nefertari was the Queen and Egypt the social status and political significance was the highest, the elaborate decorations and offerings honor her death and demonstrate her wealth and power. The artistic techniques of gathering and sourcing the materials to paint from the calf hair on the paint brushes to allow for fine lines and precision to the pigmented natural minerals for vi- brant coloring and inscription. These paining hold a strong significance to present day as they allow for research and education on ancient Egyptian society, culture and religion.

SANTA MONICA COLLEGE V. Use the artwork to discuss how acts of creative expression impact and are impacted by the people and situations that surround it. How might the artwork and the person who created it have impacted each other? For instance, how might the geographic location where the artwork was made, the materials used to create the artwork, the medium of the creative process, or the environment where the artwork is displayed influence the creator’s life or future creative work? Any interesting or additional in- formation you have found related to your chosen artwork, which you did not men- tion previously, should be included here. The delicate balance between creative expression, cultural, social and environmental as- pects. The geographic location of ancient egypt with the dry climate and natural practical re- sources influence the materials used for artistic expression. Lapis, Malachite, and lazuli pig- ments used in the painting against the limestone serve as the backdrop and decoration for the tomb walls. The Medium of the wall paintings allowed ancient Egyptian artist to create large works of art that are timeless. The environment influenced the use bright colors on the wall, the pigments were illumination in the dark underground chambers of the tomb. The skill and craftsmanship of the artisans was intense as they had to endure the conditions and dedication to the Queens tomb was not only a form of creative expression but also an offer- ing for their religion and culture. The lasting impression created a legacy for future artist and scholars and those that are inspired and admired. The preservation and study of ancient Egyptian art and culture continue to inspire and influence. VI. Questions: Pose questions you have after thinking deeply about this artwork. What more do you want to know about it:

SANTA MONICA COLLEGE A. Question 1: What conservation efforts are currently underway to preserve and protect the delicate paintings in Nefertari's tomb, and what challenges do archaeologists and conserva- tors face in maintaining these priceless treasures for future generations? Question 2: Are there any ongoing archaeological discoveries or research projects related to Nefertari's tomb that could shed further light on its significance and historical context? B. Question 3: What role did Queen Nefertari herself play in the creation of the artwork, if any? Did she commission specific scenes or provide input into the design and decoration of her tomb? Question 4: How has the artwork in Nefertari's tomb influenced subsequent artistic move- ments and cultural expressions, both within ancient Egypt and beyond? C. Question 5: How did the construction and decoration of Nefertari's tomb compare to other royal tombs of the time, and what factors influenced the design and layout of the tomb's interior? Question 6: How were the artisans selected to work on such a prestigious project, and what training and expertise did they possess to create such intricate and detailed artwork?

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SANTA MONICA COLLEGE VII. Speculate on how you would go about answering these questions . For instance, what sorts of things would you study about these kinds of artworks and their contexts that might begin addressing these questions? I would study ancient Egyptian religious text such as The Book of the Dead to gain insight into the rituals and beliefs associated with death and the afterlife. I would also analyze the scenes depicted in the tomb paintings in relation to known mythological narratives and religious practices from the time. I would Research into the social structure of ancient Egyptian society would provide insight into the roles and status of artisans. Analysis of artistic techniques, ma- terials, and stylistic conventions used in the tomb paintings could shed light on the training and expertise of the artisans involved. Comparative studies of Egyptian iconography, symbol- ism, and hieroglyphic inscriptions would help interpret the meanings behind the colors, mo- tifs, and symbols found in the tomb paintings. Cross-referencing with other contemporary artworks and texts could further elucidate their significance. Scientific analysis, such as spec- troscopic imaging and pigment analysis, could provide information about the materials used in the artwork and how they were applied. Examination of the physical condition of the paintings and their conservation history would also be important. Analysis of the scenes de- picted in the tomb paintings in relation to archaeological evidence from other contemporary sites could provide insights into daily life, religious practices, and social hierarchy in ancient Egypt. Examination of tomb inscriptions and artifacts found within the tomb could also con- tribute to our understanding. Comparative studies of Nefertari's tomb with other royal tombs from the New Kingdom period would help identify commonalities and differences in design, decoration, and layout. Examination of architectural plans and archaeological reports from other tombs would be essential. Reviewing scholarly publications, excavation reports, and conservation documentation related to Nefertari's tomb would provide information about ongoing research and conservation efforts. Collaboration with archaeologists, conservators, and experts in related fields would be crucial. Studying the reception and interpretation of Egyptian art in subsequent civilizations, such as Ancient Greece, Rome, and the Renaissance, would help trace the impact of Nefertari's tomb artwork on later artistic movements. Analysis of artistic styles, motifs, and themes in later artworks would be informative.

SANTA MONICA COLLEGE Worksheet part 3: Artwork form AHIS 1 and Modern and Contemporary World Modern World and Contemporary World Person/Artist Artwork Created/Title Medium and Date Purpose/Intention 20 th Century: Andy Warhol The Last Supper 1986, synthetic poly- mer paint and silkscreen ink on can- vas Cultural Commentary, Engaging in religious symbolism paired with consumerism 21 st Century: Banksy Girl with a Ballon Mid 2000’s, stencil Graffiti artwork using spray paint on wall Social Commentary, Evoke Love and Affection, emotion Conclusion:

SANTA MONICA COLLEGE Answer the following questions: 1. What differences do you notice between the artworks created during the AHIS 1 timeframe (Prehistory to Late Medieval Art) and those from Modern and Contemporary World? Overall, the artworks and those from the Modern and Contemporary World reflect the artistic expressions of their respective time periods, they differ significantly in terms of subject matter, materials, techniques, purpose, and accessibility, reflecting the evolving nature of art and culture over time. 2. In the context of what you have learned in this course so far, where do you think those differences stemmed from? The differences stem from the historical context the prehistoric and medieval societies were different from the Modern and contemporary. 3. How relevant your chosen work of art from AHIS 1 still is? the wall paintings of Nefertari's tomb remain relevant today as a testament to the enduring legacy of ancient Egypt and the timeless power of art to inspire, educate, and enrich our lives. They serve as a reminder of the importance of preserving and celebrating our cultural heritage for future generations to enjoy and appreciate 4. Did it have any influence on 20 th and 21 st century art and architecture? while the direct influence of Nefertari's tomb on 20th and 21st-century art and architecture may be subtle, its significance as a cultural and historical landmark has had a lasting impact on the broader fields of art, design, and cultural heritage conservation. 5. Have its iconic features been repeated often in popular culture? If yes, why and where? the iconic features of Nefertari's tomb have become deeply ingrained in popular culture, serving as a symbol of ancient Egypt's mystique, beauty, and grandeur. There repetition in various forms of media like in the movie “The Mummy” or “Tut” and designs and home decor reflects a continuing fascination with ancient Egyptian art and motifs that convey a sense of luxury and architecture like the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas and its enduring appeal to contemporary audiences. Resources: https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/eversleyartfall2018/2018/11/20/the-last-supper-by-andy- warhol-at-the-moma/ https://www.myartbroker.com/artist-banksy/series-girl-with-balloon https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/pdf/ art_eternity2.pdf

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SANTA MONICA COLLEGE https://www.earthtrekkers.com/tomb-of-queen-nefertari-photos/ https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/557811 https://egypt-museum.com/wall-paintings-in-the-tomb-of-queen-nefertari/

WORKSHEET AHIS 1 2

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