Week 5 video questions

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University of Oregon *

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Anthropology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Questions on A Place of Discovery 1. Are there dinosaur fossils in the John Day National Monument? Why or why not? No, because life was covered after the dinosaurs 2. How thick are all the rock deposits taken together? How many species do they contain, in total? Rock deposits were 15000 feet thick. There were 2000 species of plants and animals identified 3. What is important about fossils found together in association? There is an extraordinary diversity of flora and fauna found in association representing one of the most diverse fossil collections in North America 4. What rock type makes up the Clarno Paisades, and how did this form? Prehistoric mud flows. Formed from layers of lava, ash fall, and organic sediment 5. What do the fossils reveal about the plant ecosystem at the time the Palisades were formed? It was drastically different than today’s ecosystem. Plants were similar to Panamanian jungles 6. When did the Ancestral (or Western) Cascades begin forming according to this video? 30 million years ago 7. What effect did the formation of this range have on the annual rainfall in the Monument region? The rising mountain range cut off the flow off the rainfall and it became drier and cooler 8. Crystal analysis of the ash tuffs enable what level of accuracy in dating the ash layers interspersed between the fossil-bearing strata? Be specific about the plus-or-minus error in dating in years. High degree of accuracy. Increase the plus-or-minus error to a tenth of a million years 9. While the point is made that many of the techniques of fossil removal from the location where found remain unchanged from the 19th century era of early exploration and discovery, what has changed in the approach to fossil collection in more recent times?

Record the occurrence while narrowing it down to a meter or less of where the fossil was found in a land environment and in a lake environment to a millimeter. Knowing where and when the fossil was found. Questions on Faith and Fossils 1. The segment of earth history represented in the John Day Fossil beds is characterized as The Age of Mammals and also of what else ? Flowering of plants 2. Who brought Condon his first fossils from the John day fossil beds region? Military / Soldiers 3. What was the first fossil Thomas Condon found when he first visited these fossil beds, that provided a clue to the paleoenvironment, and a name for the outcrop of discovery? Tortoise shells and rhino 4. OK, be honest, who teared up at the story of the neighborhood fire and the neighbors' response? everyone 5. Why was Condon's 1902 book called "The Two Islands"? It referred to the Blue and Klamath mountains which have ancient fossils. 6. What was your favorite Condon quote (rephrasing his position is fine) in the documentary? “Evolution was simply god’s method of working” (14:19) Questions on Oreodont Removal 1. What did the scientist do prior to even touching the fossil? Take field notes, gather information, and identify where they found it (the geologic section) 2. What kind of paper is used between the fossil bone and the plaster cast? Tissue paper 3. Why no dynamite? We have no control over the blast and can ruin the fossils Questions on Oregon Field Guide

1. Does size matter in the importance of fossils? No 2. In preparing the rhino skull, that small grinder Camille is using reminds me of a most unpleasant but sadly common experience. Did you also have this reaction? Yep, dentists suck 3. Why are teeth so revealing as fossils? Teeth tell us about diet, health, and evolutionary changes 4. What are the two reasons this Monument is a world-class resource? Lots of fossils, and a long continuous span of time 5. Why is the preservation of fossils so good in the region? Past volcanic activity has covered and preserved it Questions on Evolution of the Horse 1. Which finger forms the horse hoof? Its middle finger 2. What are the two closest (but still distant) relatives of the horse? Tapir and rhino 3. In the discussion of the European lake sediments with annual layers of organic rich shales, what was NOT found that enabled exquisite fossilization of remains of plants and animals, including soft tissues? Trace fossils were not found 4. How do we know what early horse ancestors ate? What are two foods they ate? Fossilized gut contents, leaves and grape pits 5. What led to the radiation of horse species in the early Miocene? Changing climates led to their extinction

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