arky assinment 2

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University of Lethbridge *

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ARKY-4500

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Anthropology

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by BaronClover24695

Part 1 organic material ● Leather Loincloth and Sandals ● Woven Reed Mat ● Leather Cap ● Ground Ochre Pigment ● Woven Reed Mat Inorganic material ● Ceramic Bowl ● Stone Goddess Figurine ● Copper Axe Head ● Animal Bone Comb Part 2: The archaeologists who recovered the Icewoman’s body uncovered evidence that the following events occurred at the find site: 2. In order to accurately reconstruct the history of the Icewoman site, separate these events into cultural formation processes and natural formation processes (see p. 50). ● cultural formation 1. A survey team unknowingly damaged the right side of the body while placing a geographic marker shortly after World War II. 2. A curious Canadian hiker pulled the copper axe head out of the ice before archaeologists arrived. ● natural formation 1. Glacier movement scattered some of the artifacts associated with the body.

2. A particularly warm period in the mid-nineteenth century it resulted in the body’s left foot being partially exposed for a time. It is poorly preserved. 3. Looking at the artifact list above, which of the cultural remains found with the Icewoman are unlikely to have survived had they not been preserved in a cold environment? Why not? The Leather Loincloth and Sandals, Woven Reed Mat, Leather Cap, Ground Ochre Pigment, and the Woven Reed Mat. These are all organic materials and are more likely to be damaged or disintegrate over time. 4. What is context and why is it important for understanding artifacts such as those found with ice bodies? Context is all the information associated with an archaeological element including the provenience (where it is), matrix (the environment in which it was found), and association (the relationship between the cultural and natural aspects of the site). The provenience is important because it is the place of origin and it is important to know where things are from. Matrix is super important cause it can affect what we find and how we excavate these artifacts. The association we can use to determine the context in which we find these artifacts. 5. Compare the information you have about this new Icewoman to what you know about the Iceman (see pp. 70–71). How do the two artifact assemblages differ? In your opinion, based on the information recovered from the site and the associated artifacts, was the Icewoman intentionally buried Part 3: Archaeologists classify cultural remains into different categories that relate to human activity. Familiarize yourself with these types and their contexts by classifying the

cultural remains you encounter throughout your day. Be sure your lists include cultural remains only. A rock in a stream bed, for example, is just a natural rock. 6. List 10 artifacts family photographs, jewelry, religious items, diaries, old coins, pots and pans, clothing, hammers/tools, laptops/phones, car seats (for babies) 7. List 10 Ecofacts Crops, trees, seeds, bones, dirt, sand, stone, hair, fur, mollusks 8. List 5 Features Garbage dump, wells, Graves, Firepits, Post holes 9. List 10 Structures Houses, sheds, fences, barns, cars, factories, roads, tombs, graves, drainage ditches 10. Give two concrete examples of cultural remains that are in primary context. Pompeii is the best example of cultural remains that are in primary context. Ötzi is found in the primary context as the ice froze him in time. 11. Give an example of a cultural remain that is in a secondary context because of a natural formation process. Buffalo jump at the bottom of a cliff, however, after a natural landslide, the protected site becomes buried under a mass amount of rock and land. 12. Give an example of a cultural remain that is in a secondary context because of the acultural formation process. If a farmer bought a new field and was to plow it and at the same time hit an old burial spot and move the bones and artifacts, that would be an example of an acultural formation process.

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arky assinment 2

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