RQ-Anthropological Perspectives on Health, Healing, and Disease 2023

ANTH 393: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Health and Healing Anthropological Perspectives on Health, Healing, and Disease Review Questions The following are review questions for the lecture topic “ Anthropological Perspectives on Health, Healing, and Disease”. The review questions reflect what has been discussed in class, the assigned readings, and the assigned video. I derive the questions for the midterm and final exams from the review questions, including key concepts. Key Concepts Health Disease Sickness Sick role Illness Individual body Social body Body politic Medicalization Biological normalcy Medical pluralism Culture bound syndrome Ethnopharmacology Review Questions As discussed in the lecture ,  Briefly describe health , disease , illness , and sickness . Are these concepts understood the same way cross- culturally?  Regarding explaining illness, briefly describe the personalistic disease theory , the emotionalistic disease theory , and the naturalistic disease theory .  Briefly describe the three bodies: the individual body, the social body, and the body politic.  Distinguish between proximate and ultimate causes of disease. o As discussed in class, how do biomedical and biocultural perspectives differ in relation to these different causes of disease?  As discussed in class, what is meant (or not meant) by biological normalcy ? How may it relate to health and disease? How may a body be deemed “abnormal”?  Regarding the body and healing, compare biomedicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine.  As discussed in class, briefly describe the three theoretical approaches to health systems. As discussed in the assigned readings , (Although I direct you to specific sections in the assigned readings, it is best to read the entire article. Reading the entire article will help to contextualize the specific review questions and to help recall the information on exams.)

ANTH 393: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Health & Healing 2  Closser, S., Mendenhall, E., Brown, P., Neill, R., & Justice, J. (2022). The anthropology of health systems: A history and review. Social Science & Medicine , 300 . o The following questions are drawn from the subsections of “The anthropology of health systems: historical and theoretical roots.”  As discussed in the subsection Mid-century origins,  What did health systems in the colonial era often reflect?  When the field of Applied Anthropology was developed after the Second World War, what was the general philosophy of international health?  In this era (and to a large degree today), what did international health entities expect anthropologists to focus on? Was there any reflexive focus on the health systems themselves?  As discussed in the subsection Primary health care and community participation in health systems,  The late 1970s represented an enormous ideological and programmatic shift in the field of international public health, following several major disease eradication programs. o What did the “Barefoot Doctor” movement in China, and other similar projects in other countries, report about health outcomes (i.e., what improved health?)  Why was the PHC ideology a remarkable change in direction? Briefly describe.  What did Anthropologists increasingly explore?  As discussed in the subsection Turn of the millennium: focus on health reform,  The World Health Report 2000, “Health Systems: Improving Performance,” ushered in the health reform era. What new interest emerged?  With widespread interest in the field of “the anthropology of development,” what did medical anthropologists increasingly explore?  What did Anthropologists emphasize in terms of economic reform?  Pathak, G., & Nichter, M. (2019). The anthropology of plastics: An agenda for local studies of a global matter of concern. Medical Anthropology Quarterly , 33 (3), 307–326. o As discussed in the subsection “ Perceptions of Risk ”, the authors conducted research on the public response to messages about the ills of plastics and found it was important to consider how people negotiated plastic-related risks in the context of specific types of plastic products.  How has the lack of access to menstrual hygiene has increasingly been framed? Who has promoted this framing?  What does the case of sanitary pads illustrate about ethnographies of the social life of plastic goods?  What does the case of bottled water illustrate? Briefly describe.  Are all plastics is seen as equally healthy or harmful?