Post Lab Chapter 10

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB Post Lab & Exercises Chapter 10 1. Review the organisms classified below. Which two organisms are the most closely related? Why? Organism 1 and Organism 3 are the most closely related because they each share 4/6 of the taxonomic categories. 2. Review the organisms classified below. Which two organisms are the most closely related? Why? Organism 1 and Organism 4 are the most closely related because they each share 4/6 of the taxonomic categories. 3. Examine the primate photo shown here and answer the following questions. a. Is this primate a prosimian or an anthropoid? How can you tell? Can you determine any further information about this animal?

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB The primate in the above photo is an anthropoid because of its physical features. An anthropoid has limbs that are equal proportion and frontal positions orbits. b. Is this primate diurnal or nocturnal? How can you tell? They are out during the day, which means they are not nocturnal. Also, they have smaller eyes. Nocturnality is commonly associated with large eye orbits. 4. Examine the following primate photo and answer the following questions. a. Describe the nose shape of this primate. Based on this information, is this animal a platyrrhine or a catarrhine? This animal is a catarrhine. The nostrils are facing downward and are separated by a small septum. b. Describe the shape of the thorax of this primate. Based on this information, what type of primate is this? This primate is a hominoid. The thorax is broad from side to side, not deep anteriorly–posteriorly as it is in monkeys.

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB 8. Match the traits on the left with their group, nonprimate mammal or primate, on the right. __A___ Claws __B___ Five digits __A___ Lack of opposability __A___ Excellent sense of smell __B___ Emphasis on vision __B___ Diphyodont dentition __B___ Clavicles __B___ Enclosed eye socket a. Nonprimate mammal trait b. Primate trait 9. Match the traits on the left to the group of primates that exhibit them on the right. __A___ Tooth comb __D___ Broad thorax __B___ Broad nose __A___ Rhinarium __A___ Nocturnality common __D___ Lack of a tail __B___ Prehensile tail __C___ Bilophodont molars a. Prosimian b. New World Monkey c. Old World Monkey d. Ape

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB 10. Can you think of any traits that humans have that are not shared by the apes? Physical traits would be longer legs, a modified foot, and short canines are all human trais that are not shared by apes. In addition to these traits, humans communicate differently than apes. While both humans and apes can be taught to use sign language, humans communicate through speech and apes do not. 11. Examine the following primate photo and answer the following questions. a. What kind of tail does this animal have? This monkey has a prehensile tail. b. Based on the tail, what kind of primate is this? The kind of primate shown above is a New World Monkey.

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB EXERCISE 5 Examine the primate pictures and/or skeletons in the laboratory, comparing a prosimian/strepsirhine to an anthropoid/haplorhine. Fill in the following chart to describe the differences. Prosimian Anthropoid Prehensility? Yes Yes Opposability? Yes Yes Grooming claw? Yes Yes Five digits? Yes Yes Clavicles? Yes Yes Postorbital bar/complete closure? Postorbital bar Complete closure Size of orbits? Larger Small Snout length? Longer Short Tooth comb? Yes No Molar tooth cusps? Rounded or pointy Low and round Fused mandible? No Yes EXERCISE 8 Examine the pictures and/or skeletons in the lab. Fill in the following chart to compare New World monkeys to Old World monkeys. New World Monkey Old World Monkey Nose shape/septum width Platyrrhine/wide Catarrhine/narrow Prehensile tail? Yes Never Dental formula 2, 1, 3, 3 2, 1, 2, 3 Arboreal/terrestrial? Arboreal Both Diurnal/nocturnal? diurnal All diurnal

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB EXERCISE 10 Examine Figure 10-11 and the skeletons or photos in your lab. Fill in the following chart to compare the catarrhines: the Old-World monkeys, the apes, and humans. Old World Monkey Ape Human Lumbar region (long, medium, short) Long Short Short Shape of rib cage (narrow, broad) Narrow Broad Broad Forelimb length (long, short) Short Long Medium Finger length (long, short) Short Long Long Tail? (yes, no) Yes No No Molar crown shape Yes Yes Yes