Understanding Language & Subsistence in Anthropology: Final Assignment Insights

S.R. Trencher FINAL ASSIGNMENT 2 ANTH 114 FALL 2022 Name: ________________________________ The questions are drawn from 2 sources: class material and Chapters in Perspectives covered in the second half of the class, including: Language, parts of Modes of Subsistence, and material on economics, including the lecture material on Neoclassical and Neoliberal economics as part of the online class meeting. There is also an essay question worth points on Wisdom Sits in Places . The due date and time for turning in this material is the same as the assigned date and time for the Final Exam set by the University. If you have questions or concerns please email me for exact hours in case you have questions or want to come by. ASSIGNMENT 2 Please keep in mind that whether it is stated as part of the question or not, All questions should be answered from the standpoint of Anthropology! (worth: 1 point each) 1. Most anthropologists agree with Noam Chomsky that the human capacity for language is: 2. How did anthropologists assist in proving the idea that there is a critical age for human language acquisition and that language learning proceeds through the same stages in all cultures? 3. What is the “critical age” hypothesis in linguistics and how is it connected to language acquisition? Can you cite an example? 4. We know that chimpanzees (common chimpanzees and bonobos) have symbolic capacity. Please cite an example of evidence for this: 5. What does “mode of subsistence” refer to in Anthropology?

6. A work trend associated with each new mode of subsistence when compared to the ones that preceded them, is: ______________________________. a. Carefully limited by law b. More Labor intensive (i.e., people work more hours) c. Less labor intensive d. More equitable for the population as a whole 7. Foraging societies are described as “egalitarian”. What does this mean? 8-9. You are on a train traveling through different modes of subsistence. You get on in a foraging society and get off in an agriculturally based society. What do you think you will find in the agricultural society that differs from the foraging society? Choose at least 2 differences. a. b. From an anthropological point of view part of the way in which people think about the world is related to their mode of subsistence. For instance, foragers are likely to see themselves as equal to nature while people in industrialized and information services societies are likely to see themselves as above nature. 10. From the point of view of foragers, who owns the land on which they live and work? 11. In which mode of subsistence are you most likely to encounter food shortages? 12. Private property and a related feature of society, class stratification, first developed in association with what mode of subsistence?

Short Essay 6 points: Discuss the tenets of Neoclassical Economic theory and some of the ways in which accepting the theory as a truth can shape societies in which capitalism (sometimes in different forms) is the primary economic mode of exchange. For instance, its impact on making choices when buying material goods, deciding on a career, evaluating other people, participation in economic transactions in everyday life). Length: (approximately) 2 double spaced paragraphs.

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Extra Credit 2 points each Anthropologists have learned that the first groups of people who have a notion of private land ownership lived in agricultural societies. In earlier modes of subsistence (i.e., foraging, people saw themselves as belonging to the land; and in horticultural societies the idea was that the lineage had “use rights” for the land on which the group grew their crops, but there was no ownership by individuals. How do you think this relates to stratification (the development of classes) in society. 1. Compared to industrialization, information services societies (the mode of subsistence contemporary Americans live in): a. is more egalitarian b. has less distance between economic classes c. has simplified production by using robots and AI d. encourages corporations to contribute to the society at large 2. Which of the following is NOT part of the trend in information-services (post-industrial) societies: a. globalization of manufacturing b. the development of an underclass c. a greater equalization in opportunity for members of the society d. greater economic distances between the “haves” and the “have nots” in complex some societies.

ESSAY on Wisdom Sits in Places 12 points Why do you think Basso calls the map that he made of the territory of the Cibecue Apache Wisdom Sits In Places ? Provide 3 specific examples you choose from the book and write about how Cibecue Apache are supposed to act as a good member of the group, (i.e., ways in which they should or should not behave.). Explain what each of these examples (stories) teach and how they teach it. That is: How are these examples of how a good Cibecue Apache, should/should not behave as cultural wisdom, is transmitted from generation to generation. The main part of your essay should concern itself with the Cibecue material and experience, but you can provide reflections on your own cultural experiences in ways you see as relevant (this can be relevant by difference or similarity). For instance: Have you had the opportunity to gain wisdom from different cultural sources in your own life? Do you think places are important to Americans? If so, what kinds of places would you include? (This doesn’t have to be a complete list. Please remember that the primary content of your essay should focus on the book.

Assignment 2 Fall 2023 doc.

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