Ch. 2 - The value of Animals to Humanity - Teacher Version (2)

Ch. 2 – The Value of Animals to Humanity 8/24/2021

Introduction  What did humans derive from domestication?  Why do we need domestic animals in today’s world?

Bangladesh Zambia Mo rocco Cuba World Japan Mexico Brazil Argentina Austr alia Unit ed St ates 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 12 26 43 70 88 96 129 175 182 264 276 Country Pounds of Meat Consumed Per Capita

World Meat Production (1,000 metric tons) 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Meat, total 155,778.59 206,843.36 236,955.16 270,697.45 292,895.53 317,170.25 Pig Meat 60,879.90 79,470.66 90,738.36 104,923.66 110,925.55 118,400.53 Chicken Meat 31,500.47 46,601.15 59,505.66 72,159.57 93,025.20 115,190.20 Bovine Meat 46,366.14 58,005.62 60,956.18 64,099.01 66,100.20 69,110.84 Small Ruminant Meat 8,329.89 10,308.65 11,117.64 12,852.56 13,753.57 14,470.45 Duck, Goose, and Guinea Fowl Meat 1,875.23 3,627.28 5,050.23 6,302.18 6,800.23 7,030.87 Turkey Meat 3,768.42 4,670.69 5,358.22 5,360.28 5,400.57 5,500.58 Rabbit Meat 608.53 922.28 1,026.01 1,411.91 1,525.45 1,600.98 Equine Meat 638.33 957.97 1,065.75 1,040.29 1,049.23 1,050.54 Meat, all other 1,811.68 2,279.08 2,137.12 2,548.00 2,502.37 2,485.22

The Food Uses of Agricultural Animals  Red Meat and Poultry Production  Some countries are undergoing phenomenal production increases  Several are currently producing 3x as much poultry meat per year than 15 years ago  All industries  Primarily due to :  Technology , genetics , and management allowing this industry to be more cost effective  Secondly due to :  Economic development has increased incomes, thus providing a better diet to people

The Food Uses of Agricultural Animals  Edible Slaughter By-Products  By-products : remainder or substances or products that have value after the products of greatest value are removed  In developed countries, referred to as specialty food or also know as “ variety meats ”.  Liver, kidney, tongue, heart, tripe, etc.  These are often delicacies in the remainder or the world, compared to U.S.

The Food Uses of Agricultural Animals  Milk and Milk Products  Much needed protein, energy, minerals, and vitamins  Annual per capita whole milk is over 385 lbs per year to very little  Continued increase of 1% per year in total world production  Humans use almost 640 million metric tons of milk per year  Fluid and processed milk  Cheese is most important, but overall milk fat is major source of essential fatty acids

Milk Produced in Metric Tons by the World's Major Species 1990 1995 2000 2005 Cow milk (whole, fresh) 422,323,803 479,159,972 487,883,119 537,291,694 Buffalo milk 27,525,084 44,075,742 67,401,462 77,360,244 Goat milk 7,707,908 9,961,376 11,655,018 12,582,027 Sheep milk 6,812,862 7,992,220 8,037,704 8,582,173 Camel milk 1,195,772 1,337,039 1,251,691 1,276,634 Total Milk 465,565,429 542,526,349 576,228,994 637,092,772

World Dairy Product Production in Metric Tons 1990 1995 2000 2005 Cheese 11,505,050 14,828,628 16,467,678 18,627,141 Butter and ghee 6,955,880 7,822,057 7,413,584 8,424,725 Evaporated and condensed milk 4,211,870 4,085,099 4,008,361 4,146,633 Skim milk and buttermilk, dry 4,177,811 4,252,419 3,521,299 3,038,442 Dry whole cow milk 1,726,792 2,085,752 2,503,615 2,922,545

The Food Uses of Agricultural Animals  Poultry and Eggs  Beside red meat, poultry production also provides a second high quality food source with eggs  Excellent source of high quality protein and fat  Provides an energy and essential fatty acid source

The Food Uses of Agricultural Animals  Miscellaneous Food Uses  Honey production is important for food animal production  Blood – religious, food, etc.  Fat from various regions on carcass (tails)  Hide (pork skins and cow hide)

Nonfood Uses of Agricultural Animals  Body Coverings  For some is the most important production factor, for other animals is considered a by-product  Sheep (wool), goats (cashmere/mohair), alpacas  Renewable product – can be collected multiple times or more than once  Skins and hides are not renewable (by-product of slaughter)  Wool, hair, and feathers utilized for clothing, pillows, bedding, etc.

Nonfood Uses of Agricultural Animals  Bodily Waste (Manure)  Half the world’s farmers depend on animal manure and compost as their only source of fertilizer  Poorer areas of the world, utilized as fuel  Densely populated areas with no trees/wood or other means of fuel  Major source of income  Construction material  50% manure and equal parts soil and hay  Wound healing ingredient

Nonfood Uses of Agricultural Animals  Bodily Waste (Urine)  Enhance soil fertility  Control dust and pest in houses  Extender in low volume milk for human consumption  Religious ceremonies