Anth1050 Checkpoint Quiz 1

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University of Nebraska, Omaha *

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1050

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Anthropology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Anth1050 Checkpoint Quiz 1 Question 1 Which of the following is not a subdiscipline of anthropology? biological anthropology cultural anthropology archaeology Correc all of the answers listed here are subdisciplines of anthropology Question 2 When anthropologists suspend their sense of what is expected in their own culture in order to understand other perspectives without judging them, they are practicing ____________________. ethnocentrism participant observation cultural relativism linguistic anthropology Question 3 An anthropologist who is engaged in the practical application of anthropological theories, methods, and findings to solve real-world problems is a(n) ______________________. applied anthropologist linguistic anthropologist cultural anthropologist ethnographer Question 4 A(n) ______________ is an explanation of observations that addresses a wide range of phenomena. In science, we use these to explain how or why something happens, relying on empirical evidence, and are they are testable and able to be refuted. hypothesis theory idea belief Question 5 Ideas around evolution and natural selection predate Charles Darwin by quite awhile. Who was an early Islamic scientist who contributed highly to our understanding of optics and how human vision works? Ibn al-Haytham Abū ʿUthman ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī al-Baṣrī Aristotle John Ray

Question 6 __________________ is the theoretical perspective that the geologic processes observed today are the same as the processes operating in the past, and ___________________ was a prominent proponent of this based on evidence found in Scotland. uniformitarianism, Aristotle catastrophism, Charles Darwin principles of geology, George Lyell uniformitarianism, James Hutton Question 7 Which book (a three volume series) established geology as a science, building on Hutton's work, and who was this book written by? Principles of Geology, Charles Lyell Natural Selection, Charles Darwin Catastrophism and Human Life, Aristotle none of the answers provided here are correct Question 8 Whose work in the Galapagos Islands helped lead to the ideas put forth in his book On the Origin of Species ? Charles Lyell Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Charles Darwin John the Baptist Question 9 ____________________ refers to the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the subsequent steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations. artificial selection natural selection sexual selection artificial intelligence Question 10 _______________ refers to changes in gene frequencies between generations within a population, while _______________ refers to longer-term changes in a population that can eventually result in speciation, wherein individuals from different populations are no longer able to successfully interbreed and produce viable offspring Macroevolution, microevolution Speciation, macroevolution Natural selection, artificial selection Microevolution, macroevolution

Question 11 __________________ are crucial for cell shape and nearly all cellular tasks, including receiving signals from outside the cell and mobilizing intra-cellular responses. A couple of categories they may come in include structural and hormonal. Lipids Proteins Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Question 12 What term do we use to describe a nucleotide sequence variation from the template DNA strand that can occur during replication (they caan also happen during recombination)? mutation cellular breakdown genotype phenotype Question 13 According to the Special Topic reading in Chapter 3, which European-borne diseases were largely responsible for the population collapse of indigenous peoples in the Americas? measles tuberculosis smallpox all of the responses provided here are correct Question 14 As our knowledge of heredity increases, we have become more aware of __________________, or changes in gene expression that do not result in a change of the underlying DNA sequence. These changes typically involve DNA methylation and histone modifications. These changes are reversible and can also be inherited by the next generation. polygenetics epigenetics mutations chronic diseases Question 15 Which of the forces of evolution is the original source of all the genetic variation found in every living thing genetic drift gene flow mutation none of the responses provided here are correct

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Question 16 This occurs when the number of individuals in a population drops dramatically due to some random event. The most obvious, familiar examples are natural disasters. genetic drift population bottleneck gene flow mutation Question 17 This is a type of genetic drift that occurs when members of a population leave the main or “parent” group and form a new population that no longer interbreeds with the other members of the original group. Examples include: 5-alpha reductase deficiency and increased recessive traits among the Old Order Amish in America. founder effects gene flow gene transfer population bottleneck Question 18 _________________ is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is most common in Africa, countries around the Mediterranean Sea, and eastward as far as India. Homozygotes for the recessive allele develop the disorder, which produce misshapen red blood cells that cause iron deficiency, painful episodes of oxygen-deprivation in localized tissues, and a host of other symptoms. Tuberculosis HIV Influenza Sickle Cell Anemia Question 19 To detect and study evolution in real time, as it happens, one tool anthropologists use is the __________________: a mathematical formula that allows estimation of the number and distribution of dominant and recessive alleles in a population. This aids in determining whether allele frequencies are changing and, if so, how quickly over time, and in favor of which allele? Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Genetic Allele Formula Mutation-Detection Device none of the responses provided here are correct Question 20 There are many types of traits. Opposable thumbs, which are highly useful, are an example of a ___________________, traits that are useful for a wide range of things (rather than a single specific use). specialized trait generalized trait

ancestral trait derived trait Question 21 Which version of locomotion is described as: when an animal grasps a vertical branch with its body upright, pushes off with long hind legs, and then lands on another vertical support branch? terrestrial locomotion brachiation bipedalism vertical clinging and leaping Question 22 __________________ is the study of primate behavior. Anthropology Applied Anthropology Primatology Gorillology Question 23 While other STEM fields continue to be male-dominated, primatology tends to feature many prominent women primatologists. Which of the following is a well-known woman in primatology, specifically for her work with orangutans in Borneo? Jane Goodall Birute Galdikas Dian Fossey Margaret Mead Question 24 This world-famous woman primatologist studied non-human primates (mostly chimpanzees) in Tanzania, contributing a wealth of knowledge to the study of our primate relatives. Since the 1980s, she has worked primarily in advocacy for primates and the environment. Jane Goodall Birute Galdikas Dian Fossey Margaret Mead Question 25 Koko the sign language gorilla was amazing, and so cool, and her ability to communicate taught us a ton about primate communication. Also she was adorable. (Answer this "question" as true for a free 4 points!) Great job! True False

Anth1050 Checkpoint Quiz 1

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