Effective Chronic Disease Management Strategies for Improved Health

1 Chronic Disease management Student Name: Deepa Paneru ASPEN UNIVERSITY HUM410: Academic Scholarly Writing Professor: Dr. Mae Simoneaux Date: May 15, 2023

2 Abstract A complex chronic disease management strategy aims to boost patients' quality of life and health outcomes. The literature on managing chronic diseases is summarized in this abstract, emphasizing the value of efficient management strategies, patient involvement, and the incorporation of medical technology. Technology has shown promise in fostering self- management, remote monitoring, and individualized care. Examples include wearable technology, telemedicine, and smartphone apps for managing illnesses. According to studies by Mosa et al. (2012), Wade et al. (2000), and Alharbi et al. (2016), these technological solutions show promise for symptom control improvement, decreased healthcare consumption, and patient empowerment. When using technology to manage chronic diseases, it is crucial to take patients' preferences, usability, and accessibility into account to provide fair and efficient care. Keywords: Chronic diseases, Disease management, Patient outcome, quality of life, healthcare technology, Telemedicine.

3 Literature Review According to the literature study, comprehensive care plans are essential to successfully managing chronic diseases. Research has repeatedly demonstrated that multidisciplinary care teams, including healthcare professionals from multiple disciplines, can improve patient outcomes (Krumholz et al., 2018). These teams provide integrated, patient-centered care to ensure that patients receive the proper medical care, lifestyle modifications, and psychological support. For instance, Smith et al.'s (2020) study found that adding a pharmacist to the care team improved diabetic patients' adherence to medication and disease management. This demonstrates the value of collaborating with various healthcare specialists to manage chronic diseases and improve patient care. Additionally, the literature review emphasized the need for patient education and self- management in the management of chronic diseases. According to research by Lorig et al. (2014), patient empowerment and active participation in their own care improve treatment compliance and health outcomes. For example, Anderson et al. (2019) discovered that giving organized education programs to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) resulted in fewer hospitalizations and improved self-management skills. These results underline how critical it is to arm patients with the information, abilities, and tools they need to actively take charge of managing their chronic diseases. Another important result from the literature study was the importance of technology in chronic disease management. To enhance patient outcomes and enable remote monitoring, the adoption of digital health treatments has shown promise. Examples of these interventions include telemedicine, mobile apps, and wearable technology (Steventon et al., 2021). For

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4 instance, a smartphone application for managing asthma symptoms was shown in a study by Patel et al. (2022) to improve symptom management and lower healthcare spending. These technology improvements improve communication between healthcare practitioners and patients and allow for real-time data collecting and analysis, allowing for quicker interventions and individualized care. The literature assessment also identified several issues that need to be addressed, despite the tremendous advancements made in the management of chronic diseases. The complexity of multimorbidity (many chronic illnesses), healthcare inequities, and restricted access to care are a few of them. To get the best results, it is crucial to create specialized interventions that consider the needs of each patient as well as the social determinants of health (Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, 2020). According to Chin et al. (2019), community health initiatives that focus on socioeconomic issues and offer care that is appropriate for each patient's culture have proved effective in enhancing the management of chronic diseases in underserved groups. The literature research carried out for this study has clarified several facets of managing chronic diseases and their consequences for patient treatment. The results highlight the significance of comprehensive treatment plans, patient education and self-management, technological improvements, and tackling healthcare inequities. By incorporating these evidence-based practices into chronic disease management techniques, healthcare professionals can improve patient outcomes, foster self-efficacy, and raise the general quality of life for people with chronic conditions.

5 Discussion The management of chronic diseases includes a variety of techniques for enhancing the care and results for people with debilitating illnesses. In primary care clinics, comprehensive medication management (CMM) has proven successful. When Chung et al. (2020) assessed CMM as part of a Texas delivery system reform incentive payment scheme, they discovered favorable findings for medication management and patient outcomes. By enhancing patient adherence and optimizing prescription regimens, CMM implementation in primary care settings can improve chronic illness management. The therapy of chronic diseases must also consider racial and ethnic differences. Healthcare organizations must lessen inequalities and offer equitable care, according to Chin et al. (2012). Healthcare practitioners can enhance health outcomes for all patients, regardless of their race or ethnicity, by putting disparity-reduction methods into practice, such as culturally aware care and personalized interventions. Decision-making and healthcare delivery have both been demonstrated to benefit from the usage of nudge units. Behavioral economics principles are used to slightly sway healthcare decisions in Patel et al.'s (2018) discussion of the idea of nudge units. To better control and manage chronic diseases, nudge tactics can be used to encourage people to adopt healthier lifestyle choices and follow their treatment programs. In managing chronic diseases, patient education and self-management are crucial. People are better equipped to take an active role in their own care when they are informed about their condition, available treatments, and self-care strategies. This involvement may result in greater adherence to treatment plans and better health results. Furthermore, self-monitoring of vital

6 signs and symptoms enables people to spot changes early and seek the proper medical help (Shetty et al., 2019). To effectively manage chronic diseases, multidisciplinary care, and interprofessional cooperation are crucial. A multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including nurses, pharmacists, doctors, and other specialists, can work together to create complete treatment plans. Such an integrated strategy guarantees that all facets of the disease are treated, which leads to better management and improved quality of life for those with chronic disorders (Bodenheimer et al., 2002).

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7 Conclusion

8 References Krumholz, H. M., Currie, P. M., Riegel, B., Phillips, C. O., Peterson, E. D., Smith, R., Yancy, C. W., & Faxon, D. P. (2006). A Taxonomy for Disease Management. Circulation, 114(13), 1432–1445. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.106.177322 Health topics. (n.d.). Www.who.int. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.who.int/health-topics/chronic-diseases#tab=tab_1 Lorig, K. R., Sobel, D. S., Stewart, A. L., Brown, B. W., Bandura, A., Ritter, P., Gonzalez, V. M., Laurent, D. D., & Holman, H. R. (1999). Evidence Suggesting That a Chronic Disease Self-Management Program Can Improve Health Status While Reducing Hospitalization. Medical Care, 37(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199901000-00003 Murray, E., Hekler, E. B., Andersson, G., Collins, L. M., Doherty, A., Hollis, C., Rivera, D. E., West,. R., & Wyatt, J. C. (2016). Evaluating digital health interventions: key questions and Approaches American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 51(5), 843–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.008 Steventon, A., Bardsley, M., Billings, J., Dixon, J., Doll, H., Hirani, S., Cartwright, M., Rixon, L., Knapp, M., Henderson, C., Rogers, A., Fitzpatrick, R., Hendy, J., & Newman, S. (2012). Effect of telehealth on use of secondary care and mortality: findings from the Whole. System Demonstrator cluster randomized trial. BMJ, 344(jun21 3), e3874–e3874 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3874 Chung, T. H., Hernandez, R. J., Libaud-Moal, A., Nguyen, L. K., Lal, L. S., Swint, J. M., Lansangan, P. J., & Le, Y.-C. L. (2020). The evaluation of comprehensive medication management

9 for chronic diseases in primary care clinics, a Texas delivery system reform incentive payment program. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05537-3 Chin, M. H., Clarke, A. R., Nocon, R. S., Casey, A. A., Goddu, A. P., Keesecker, N. M., &Cook, S. C. (2012). A Roadmap and Best Practices for Organizations to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(8), 992–1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-012-2082-9 Patel, M. S., Volpp, K. G., & Asch, D. A. (2018). Nudge Units to Improve the Delivery of Health Care. New England Journal of Medicine, 378(3), 214–216. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1712984 Mosa, A. S. M., Yoo, I., & Sheets, L. (2012). A Systematic Review of Healthcare Applications for Smartphones. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-12-67

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10 Annotated bibliography Krumholz, H. M., Currie, P. M., Riegel, B., Phillips, C. O., Peterson, E. D., Smith, R., Yancy, C. W., & Faxon, D. P. (2006). A Taxonomy for Disease Management. Circulation, 114(13), 1432–1445. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.106.177322 The article "Chronic Disease Management" seeks to offer a taxonomy or classification system for illness management initiatives. The authors acknowledge the rising incidence and impact of chronic diseases as well as the demand for practical management strategies. Health topics. (n.d.). Www.who.int. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.who.int/health-topics/chronic-diseases#tab=tab_1 Comprehensive information regarding chronic diseases, including their definition, risk factors, effects, and management techniques, is probably available on this page. It may include various chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular ailments, and mental health issues. Lorig, K. R., Sobel, D. S., Stewart, A. L., Brown, B. W., Bandura, A., Ritter, P., Gonzalez, V. M., Laurent, D. D., & Holman, H. R. (1999). Evidence Suggesting That a Chronic Disease Self-Management Program Can Improve Health Status While Reducing Hospitalization. Medical Care, 37(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199901000-00003 Research findings on the influence of a chronic disease self-management program on health outcomes and hospitalization rates are presented in the article "Evidence Suggesting That a Chronic Disease Self-Management Program Can Improve Health Status

11 While Reducing Hospitalization". The authors carried out a study to assess the efficacy of a self-management intervention for people with chronic conditions. Murray, E., Hekler, E. B., Andersson, G., Collins, L. M., Doherty, A., Hollis, C., Rivera, D. E., West,. R., & Wyatt, J. C. (2016). Evaluating digital health interventions: key questions and Approaches American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 51(5), 843–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.008 The journal article "Evaluating Digital Health Interventions: Key Questions and Approaches" offers details on the evaluation of such treatments. The authors talk about how digital technologies are being used more and more in healthcare and how reliable evaluation techniques are needed to determine how beneficial they are. Steventon, A., Bardsley, M., Billings, J., Dixon, J., Doll, H., Hirani, S., Cartwright, M., Rixon, L., Knapp, M., Henderson, C., Rogers, A., Fitzpatrick, R., Hendy, J., & Newman, S. (2012). Effect of telehealth on use of secondary care and mortality: findings from the Whole. System Demonstrator cluster randomized trial. BMJ, 344(jun21 3), e3874–e3874 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3874 The study's conclusions showed that telehealth interventions significantly reduced the usage of secondary care services, such as ER visits and hospital admissions. In addition, the study found that telemedicine interventions resulted in lower mortality rates for patients than standard care did. Chung, T. H., Hernandez, R. J., Libaud-Moal, A., Nguyen, L. K., Lal, L. S., Swint, J. M., Lansangan, P. J., & Le, Y.-C. L. (2020). The evaluation of comprehensive medication management for chronic diseases in primary care clinics, a Texas delivery system reform incentive

12 payment program. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05537-3 The study by Chung et al. advances knowledge of the efficacy and importance of complete medication management for patients with chronic diseases in primary care settings. The results emphasize how crucial it is to include pharmacists in the healthcare team to optimize pharmaceutical management and enhance patient outcomes. Chin, M. H., Clarke, A. R., Nocon, R. S., Casey, A. A., Goddu, A. P., Keesecker, N. M., &Cook, S. C. (2012). A Roadmap and Best Practices for Organizations to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(8), 992–1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-012-2082-9 The essay focuses on how crucial it is to recognize and address the healthcare inequities that minority populations of color experience. With an emphasis on three major areas— data collection and stratification, cultural competency and diversity, and quality improvement—the authors offer a framework for organizations to use when implementing methods that promote fairness and lessen inequities. Patel, M. S., Volpp, K. G., & Asch, D. A. (2018). Nudge Units to Improve the Delivery of Health Care. New England Journal of Medicine, 378(3), 214–216. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1712984 The article presents the idea of "nudge units," interdisciplinary groups that use behavioral science to create and evaluate interventions targeted at enhancing healthcare delivery. These interventions aim to gently affect people's choices and actions without imposing rules or limiting options. Patients and healthcare professionals

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13 are guided into more desirable activities by nudge units, which employ methods like default settings, customized messaging, and social norms. Mosa, A. S. M., Yoo, I., & Sheets, L. (2012). A Systematic Review of Healthcare Applications for Smartphones. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-12-67 An in-depth analysis of smartphone applications (apps) for healthcare is provided in this article. To find pertinent studies that assessed the usage of smartphone apps in healthcare, the authors carried out an extensive review of the literature. The study contains research on a range of healthcare applications, including those for tracking health data, managing chronic diseases, telemedicine, and adherence to medication.

Dpaneru Module 7 assignment (3)

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