Projectile Motion and Kinematics.docx

Projectile Motion and Kinematics Carlos Zabaleta February 10, 2024 Prof. Irina Golub

Purpose The objective of this laboratory experiment was to explore the correlation between frictional and normal forces, as well as to determine the magnitude of the frictional force. The investigation involved utilizing the phET simulation and placing objects of varying masses on a board, then exerting force until they initiated motion.

Purpose This lab aims to explore how objects move through the air. I'll use the PhET projectile motion simulator to do some experiments and show how factors like gravity, speed, and resistance can impact the way objects travel. We'll focus on things like how fast the object moves, in what direction, and what might slow it down. The goal is to learn more about what influences the path of a moving object.

Introduction In this activity, we're dealing with basic principles like gravity, how fast things fall, the different parts of a force, how fast an object starts moving, how heavy it is, the angle it's launched at, how far it goes, how high it goes, air slowing it down, and how these factors connect. Projectile motion means how something moves through the air when you shoot it. In the lab, we'll use a simulator to see how things like weight, size, and what you shoot affect the way they move. I'll use simple equations to figure out how long it takes, how far it goes sideways, and how high it goes. We're assuming that gravity pulls things down with a speed of -9.80m/s^2.

Procedure In the first part, I'll check out how the starting speed affects how far, how high, and how long something travels through the air. I'll keep the angle and object the same, but I'll shoot it at different speeds and measure the time, distance, and height for each try, doing this 10 times. Then, I'll repeat the same process with a different thing I'm shooting, making the same number of measurements with the same speeds as before. In the second part, I'm going to look at how things speed up when there's no air slowing them down compared to when there is air resistance. I'll start with the same speed, size, angle, and weight for the objects I'm shooting. I'll see how the acceleration changes when I adjust the angle of the cannon. After that, I'll look at the velocity (how fast things are going) with the same criteria as before, tracking the parts going sideways and up and down during the motion. Then, I'll use the same setup to see how mass, the thing I'm shooting, gravity, size, height, air slowing it down, and some drag thing affect the motion. I'll use different values and do this a bunch of times to see how height, distance, and time are affected by mass, object, gravity, size, height, and air resistance.

In the third part, I'll compare the values the simulator gives me for how high, how far, and how long something travels with my own calculated values using some equations. I'll figure out the percent error by comparing my values to the real gravity value of 9.80m/s^2. Data and Evaluation Part I: Lab Option 1. Open the Lab option in your simulator. 2. Increase the height of the platform where the cannon is placed to 8 m. 3. From the drop-down menu choose Pumpkin and set the angle to 0-degree loft. 4. Set the initial speed to 2 m/s and shoot the Pumpkin. 5. Use the crosshairs marked with time range and height to mark the last dot of the flight. 6. Fill in the table below with the values. 7. Next, set the initial speed to 4 m/s, without changing the height or the angle, and repeat steps 5-6. 8. Keep changing the initial speed by increment of 2 m/s until you obtain 10 measurements, extend, and fill in the table shown below. Initial Speed Time Range Height

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