WOMEN & FILM MIDTERM 2023
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Yuliya Lisova
Fall 2023
WOMEN & FILM MIDTERM 2023
Answer all questions full
y & remember to put your name on each page.
Midterm must be emailed to me no later than Thursday November 3!
1.
a.
In ‘Smiling Madame Beudet’ one of the main conflicts for the protagonist is between freedom & entrapment—give 2 visual examples of how the film shows each of these states.
"The Smiling Madame Beudet" portrays the heroine as confined within a marriage that hinders her growth as an individual as an outcome of societal expectations. The narrative of the film revolves around
two themes: entrapment and freedom. It's clear from her discontent with her marriage that Madame Beudet longs for independence. She hates the lack of control and insensitivity of her husband. She yearns to follow her own passions and be self-sufficient. The protagonist, Madame Beudet, frequently uses her imagination to escape her stifling and uninteresting reality. Using her imagination and daydreams, she breaks free from the constraints of her marriage and finds independence and comfort in
her own world. Madame's actions, such as imprisoning herself in a room to read privately or implementing plans to leave her husband in her mind, further demonstrate her desire for independence
and an escape from the constrictive confines of her marriage. One obvious indication of Madame Beudet's captivity is the fact that she is powerless and lacks control in her own life. Her husband pretends to be a plaything and pulls a gun on her, forcing her to put up with his behavior and giving her little space to protect herself and flee. Their house feels oppressive because of her husband's insensitivity when he plays with the gun, blindness to her feelings, and arrogant behavior. She feels alone and unfulfilled because she is unable to express her true feelings and desires. This is demonstrated in a scene reminiscent of a dream in which her spouse gets tossed from the house by the man she imagines from her reading. She longs to be saved. 2.
a. How is the Mae West persona represented in the beginning of the film ‘She Done Him Wrong’?
before we see her? Give 2 examples.
Mae West is introduced in the movie's opening sequence in a brazen and assertive way that establishes
the tone for the rest of the film. The persona of Mae West is skilled at delivering sardonic remarks and cutting one-liners with timing. She frequently challenges social conventions and conventional gender roles with her raucous and hilarious dialogue. Mae West is seen as a more astute and braver woman because of her audacious and audacious use of language. Lady Lou shows her ability to entice and control men in the opening scenes of the film. She uses the desires and emotions of the male characters to demonstrate her ability to exert control over them. Because of her dominance over men, Mae West feels more powerful and independent. Mae West's flirtatious portrayal of Lady Lou teases the male patrons of the saloon. She employs double entendras and innuendos in her witty and thought-provoking dialogue to create a playful yet captivating atmosphere. Mae West's sultry and witty
exchanges reveal her daring and bold personality. Another aspect of Mae West's persona is evident in
Yuliya Lisova
Fall 2023
how assured she is when she enters the frame, how certain she is when she speaks and moves, and how much attention she draws. Mae West's confident demeanor gives her character in the film a distinct edge.
b. Much of Mae West’s career foregrounded the idea of gender as a construction. What is meant by this? Give an example from the film.
Her film shed light on the social construction of gender and the nature of cultural norms pertaining to gender roles and conduct. Gender stereotypes are modified and exaggerated by West's characters to highlight how manufactured and malleable they are. She questioned gender norms, sexuality, femininity,
and society expectations by doing this. By demonstrating that gender roles and behaviors are constructed rather than natural through her controversial speeches and performances, West was able to
broaden the definition of what constitutes acceptable gender expression. Her sexuality and femininity are tools she uses to control men; her charm and wit are her weapons. Using her femininity as a tool for empowerment, she plays with traditional gender roles rather than caving into social norms that demand
female submission. Lady Lou, who owns her own business and is financially independent, is another example. Her handling of the saloon is an excellent representation of the economic independence that was common in those days and was usually attributed to male characters. She debunks the stereotype that women need financial support from men by being financially independent.
3.
In
‘Dance Girl Dance’
the main characters live within a community of women. In what ways do these communities provide support for those characters? Give 3 specific examples from each film.
The significance of the female community is emphasized as is the way these communities provide friendship, emotional support, and female empowerment to the main protagonists. Judy and Bubbles receive emotional support from other female performers and dancers in the movie. They provide a haven where people can express their frustrations, fears, and dreams, and they are understanding of each other's struggles. These characters find emotional support useful in coping with the demands of their line of work. Judy receives proactive emotional support from Bubbles, particularly after she is made fun of by a male performer on stage. Bubbles, gets a job in burlesque and surprisingly Judy takes a role to be booed off the stage to bring on the main attraction, which is Bubbles, a good example showing how Bubbles delivers Judy encouragement. Bubbles becomes Judy's source of inspiration and support as she pursues her dancing career. An additional instance of this is when Judy experiences tough times, such as being mistreated by male customers or coping with the exploitative elements of the entertainment industry, and her friends provide her with understanding and support. They acknowledge what she feels, support her emotionally, and acknowledge the challenges she faces. To protect Judy's public image, Bubbles pauses from a performance to address the man in the audience making fun of her. In addition to providing Judy with emotional reinforcement, Bubbles shows an illustration of female solidarity, the significance of advocacy for oneself, and the necessity to provide
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Fall 2023
one another with assurance. The girls throughout the whole film constantly offer empathy and compassion. For example, when Judy confides in Sally, Sally listens to her and gives her support while she expresses her frustrations and hopes. Judy uses this outlet to help her deal with the challenges that
she faces in her job as a dancer. 4.
a. Why was Dorothy Arzner ‘lost’ to film history and how was she ‘found?’
Due to the difficulties, she faced because of gender discrimination, Dorothy Arzner was briefly
"lost" in the archives of film history. Because of her gender, her works were frequently disregarded or overlooked despite her enormous contributions to the film industry. The chances for female directors to helm motion pictures were limited. Arzner was a film director at a period when women were typically only allowed to oversee low-budget projects and had fewer avenues for creative expression. In the film industry, men predominated for the most part. There were few female directors and women could only be cast as actresses. Gender discrimination prevented Dorothy Arzner from having the same opportunities and recognition as her male coworkers. Apart from feminist critics, a more general cultural movement honoring women's accomplishments in the film business contributed to securing Arzner's legacy and her lasting influence where she was “found”. The distinctive contributions made by
Arzner were recognized by feminist critics who studied the films of female directors. Along with the field of film studies and criticism, the popularity of revealing missed contributions and points of view in the history of film has increased. This reevaluation led to scholars and moviegoers rediscovering Dorothy Arzner's work and realizing her influence on early Hollywood film. Because of Arzner's efforts to preserve and restore classic films, including her own, her films have been screened at retrospectives and film festivals.
b. What character in ‘Dance Girl Dance’ is identified with Dorothy Arzner? Why? Dorothy Arzner has been frequently compared to Judy in the film "Dance, Girl, Dance". Judy is
a talented dancer who struggles to make a name for herself in the harsh entertainment business. Dorothy Arzner herself has experienced discrimination and hardships in the male dominated industry. Judy was frequently used as a metaphor for the challenges and goals that
Arzner and other female Hollywood artists faced. She encountered prejudice and similar challenges throughout her career as a trailblazing female director in a field dominated by men. Judy's fortitude, tenacity, and battle for recognition are like those of Dorothy Arzner and other accomplished female directors. Even though Judy does not directly represent some of the difficulties that Dorothy Arzner encountered at the time, as well as the broader issues that
women in film faced, Judy nevertheless serves as a representation of Arzner. Through Judy's character a reflection of the struggles faced by women in the film industry like Dorothy Arzner
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the film highlights the challenges and barriers that women face when pursuing careers in the film industry. 5.
a. What is Judy’s pivotal moment in ‘Dance Girl Dance’? Judy's turning point comes during a performance when the male audience members dehumanizing and
objectifying behavior almost brings her to tears. She addresses the audience in a passionate monologue, calling attention to their impolite behavior and casting doubt on their perceptions of the show. She performs a provocative routine in defiance. In response to sexism, she relentlessly asserts her value as a dancer and demands respect. This is significant because it highlights the strength of her character, perseverance, and refusing to allow men to use her as an object. The idea of her insubordination challenges the standards that are placed on women in the industry, rendering this a pivotal moment for female empowerment and self-respect. The film's underlying concepts of power, camaraderie, and the relevance of opposing exploitation and objectification of women. b. What does this represent and why is it significant?
Judy’s scene is significant to the history of cinema because it offers an ingenious perspective on feminist ideas. It's particularly worth noting that the scene in question makes a strong and progressive statement about women's empowerment and gender equality at a time when feminist narratives were lacking in mainstream cinema. Judy's narrative emphasizes the idea of female unity even more. She speaks up for herself and all other women in comparable circumstances by rejecting objectification. Her
refusal to accept things as they are gives other women the confidence and inspiration to claim their own agency. She breaks the stereotype of the softhearted, submissive woman in a world run by men and starts to stand up for her autonomy and worth. The alteration exalts the audience's opinion of women's standing in society. This symbolizes her value as an entertainer and a woman. She resists becoming an object to maintain her dignity and respect for herself. This assertive act of autonomy is noteworthy because it demonstrates a woman writing her own narrative and standing up to being treated like a mere object of desire.
6.
a. How are Mae West’s and Bubbles’ (Lucille Ball) sexuality represented in each film? Women like Lucille Ball and Mae West were not afraid to embrace and capitalize on their sexuality. Mae
West's characters were more brazenly provocative and bold, but Lucille Ball's Bubbles represented a harmony of intelligence and sensuality. In their respective eras, these actresses subverted social norms and altered the perception of women's sexuality on screen. Their portrayals continue to be noteworthy and recognizable in the annals of cinema history. In "She Done Him Wrong," Mae West portrays Lady Lou, a flamboyant, flirtatious, and sexually confident woman. Her behavior is overtly sexual. She uses witty language, double entendres, and provocative humor in her interactions with the male characters in the movie. Because West's character is so confident and in control of her sexuality, she uses it as a source of power and entertainment. She broke new ground in the early days of Hollywood with her
Yuliya Lisova
Fall 2023
sexy manner and thought-provoking remarks that challenged the gender norms of the day. In "Dance, Girl, Dance," Lucille Ball portrays the sophisticated and confident Bubbles. Sensuality permeates Bubbles' burlesque dance performance, though not as strongly as Mae West's Lady Lou. Men are drawn to her sensual and seductive dance routines. Conversely, Bubbles is a multifaceted and perceptive figure. She gives a more nuanced view of a woman maneuvering the industry by mixing charisma, and sexuality.
b. What power does their sexuality give them and why? Give 2 examples from each film.
"She Done Him Wrong" demonstrates how, within the confines of the story, sexual orientation and material security serve as the sources of power. Lady Lou now has more freedom and control over her finances, which she uses to manage her relationships and make her own choices. She manipulates situations and strikes deals with men by using her charm and sexuality. She is aware of how her attraction affects other people, so she uses it purposefully. She uses her power and influence to manipulate the male characters. Lady Lou uses her sexuality to entertain audiences. She feels empowered by her portrayal of and interactions with male characters, which help her navigate the entertainment industry and speak up in a predominantly male field. The confidence and financial independence of the female characters in "She Done Him Wrong" contribute to their sexuality. As a result of their sexuality, that provides them financial autonomy and allows them to live in predominantly male environments, the female characters in "Dance, Girl, Dance" feel stronger and more cohesive as a group. Judy and Bubbles make good use of their sexuality to help them get by in life. Their charisma and charm enthrall crowds, drawing attention and providing them with opportunities they might not otherwise have. In a competitive industry, they use their sexuality as a means of expressing who they are and making a statement. Judy and
Bubbles become friends with the other women by embracing their sexuality and encouraging one another, they find resiliency and strength. As a result of their bond, they’re able to face challenges and show off their resilience. 7.
Define what is meant by ‘the male gaze’. Give 3 examples from any of the films we have seen.
One of the best examples of the male gaze in action is "Dance, Girl, Dance," which has female dancers performing in various states of undress to satisfy the visual demands of the male audience. To highlight their physical attractiveness, the camera frequently focuses on their bodies, attire, and movements. This objectification satisfies the audience's need for visual stimulation, which is likely male.
In certain scenes the men who attend burlesque shows watch the female dancers with lustful, voyeuristic eyes. The assumption that women are mainly there to catch the attention of men who happen to be passing by is supported by these scenes. Another example of the male gaze can be seen in “ She Done him Wrong,” the male characters in the story are infatuated with Lou because she is presented as a seductive and self-assured woman. In order to satisfy the visual cravings of the male viewers, the camera frequently focuses on her alluring manner, provocative attire, and alluring speech. Lady Lou's persona is essentially portrayed as an object of desire, which makes this objectification consistent with the masculine gaze. In "A
Yuliya Lisova
Fall 2023
Question of Silence," male characters highlight the impact of the male gaze on how people perceive female
aggression by responding to the actions of the women in a way that challenges societal conventions and stereotypes. One such example is the lawyer. The psychiatric specialist uses the masculine gaze to study their behavior in an attempt to figure out and interpret their motives. Because of his perspective, which is influenced by cultural norms and expectations, his understanding of what the women did may have been distorted.
8.
a. Identify 3 symbols in Meshes of the Afternoon
. Where & when do they appear?
A flower is one of the three symbols; it represents femininity, metamorphosis, and rebirth. The main character finds a withered flower on the dining room table. After that, the flower reappears in a fantastical and changed form. The flower's changing state, which emphasizes themes of death, rebirth, and life, reflects the protagonist's development on an emotional and psychological level. Throughout the film, the second symbol, a key is used a lot as symbols for ambiguity, and one's subconscious. A house first appears when theprotagonist arrives right next to it and finds a key on the ground. Later, using the same key, the front door of the house is unlocked, referring to the access to the unconscious mind. Finally, but just as importantly, a knife is a representation of violence and danger.Throughout the film, the main character encounters knives several times. Her favorite memory is the instant she enters the house and discovers a shadowy figure carrying one. The film's peculiar atmosphere is heightened by the tension and uneasiness the knife creates.
b. What do you think they mean and why do you think that?
Generally speaking, the flower represents beauty, life, and femininity. . Its fading and fluctuating
conditions could be seen as the protagonist's state of mind or simply time passing. The flower symbolizes the protagonist's emotional and psychological state. As themes of life, death, and renewal are emphasized, the film's symbolism becomes more profound. A symbol for the subconscious mind is the key. It might stand in for the protagonist's desire to learn information that has been kept from her. It might also stand for self-discovery, letting go of repressed memories, or learning new things. The key is on display to emphasize the protagonist's curiosity and her exploration of her mind's unknown regions. It represents her desire to comprehend herself and her surroundings on a deeper level. Knives are frequently connected to danger, violence, or rage. It might symbolize the protagonist's confusion or unsureness of themselves.It might also symbolize how sharp and severing the past and memory are.
The story gets more dangerous and suspenseful when the knife appears. It highlights the protagonist's uneasiness and vulnerability and heightens the eerie mood of the film.
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9. The last question is an essay. Remember to FULLY answer all parts of this essay question. Provide specific examples from the films and support your analysis with the readings. If you need to rescreen the films you have access to them all (look at your syllabus).
Ballpark on length—around 7-8 pages
“The task of rendering ourselves visible has, for feminist historians, entailed a process of re-reading the very notion of history: not as a series of Grand Events in the public domain, but as a constant interaction of the realms of private and public life. For women have always participated in public life, although most frequently through the mediation of domestic life. ‘
The personal is political’
has by now become a truism for feminists….” Judith Mayne from Our Childhoods, Ourselves
text.
Discuss this idea in relation to the following films: A Girl’s Own Story
, Sink or Swim, Wanda, Smiling Madame Beudet, Wasp
and
A Question of Silence. Compare and contrast their intentions and strategies
. What is rendered visible and at what cost? What is invisible and at what cost? How is the struggle for agency represented? Many of these films deal with social relations within family life--
analyze what is hidden in family life and how power is deployed. Contrast the critiques offered by these films and the forms these critiques take (visual analysis of key sequences). Are women empowered? How? Make sure to develop your discussion fully use at least 6
of your readings as sources and quotes. The frameworks of politics and society are intertwined with the characters' personal experiences in each of these films. By embracing the stance that "the personal is political," these movies ask viewers to think critically about the stories they tell as well as the stories' larger implications in the context of feminist discourse. It's been helpful to apply this idea to feminist film analysis. The documentary "A Girls Own Story" examines the problems and private lives of adolescent girls. In their portrayal of their coming-of-
age experiences, relationships, and challenges, they allude to larger social themes like gender norms and the formation of teenage identities. The friendships, family dynamics, and relationships between the girls demonstrate how tightly the political and personal spheres are intertwined as they clash with cultural norms. "A Girl's Own Story" sheds light on the challenges teenage girls encounter as they mature into women by revealing their individual goals, issues, and peer pressure. The girls' emotional turmoil serves as a stark reminder of the cost of living up to social norms, which is frequently hidden behind their act of normalcy. The girls' struggles to maintain their identity in the face of social pressures are a powerful representation of the fight for agency because of their perseverance and determination.
"Sink or Swim" looks at the complexities of family life from the perspective of a young child and her bond with her father. The movie gently criticizes societal norms and expectations that are put on people depending on their gender and family roles by looking at family dynamics. By showing the father as the primary caregiver, the film subverts expectations associated with fatherhood and masculinity and challenges traditional gender roles. "Sink or Swim" explores gender norms and a father's challenges as a
single parent to highlight the complexity of family dynamics. The fact that his emotional struggles are not publicly discussed reflects the emotional toll that society's expectations have taken on the father.
The father's path to comprehending his daughter's needs and his own personal growth is an illustration of the struggle for agency in the context of family responsibilities.
The woman in the film "Wanda" is lonely and faces hardship. Her life story mirrors many of the challenges that society's marginalized women deal with. According to the above, a individual's capacity to take advantage of autonomy can be dependent on their social and economic circumstances, as the film shows.
"Wanda" highlights the challenging conditions that women who live on the margins of society face by sharing the life of a marginalized woman. Wanda's ability to exercise agency and self-worth is often concealed from view, highlighting the cost of societal indifference and passivity.
Wanda's final decisions represent her agency and regaining control of her life, even though they were driven by desperation and came at a significant personal cost.
"Smiling Madame Beudet" highlights the desires and frustrations Madame Beudet felt in her constrictive marriage, revealing her emotional and cerebral side. The emotional toll that cultural gender norms take is exemplified by Madame Beudet's choice to conceal her personal matters from her spouse. Madame Beudet's silent opposition to her husband's oppressive actions, even though it is only expressed in her thoughts, represents her fight for independence.