Copy of Lab Report 4
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School
Bergen Community College *
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Course
100
Subject
Aerospace Engineering
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
7
Uploaded by ConstableAlligator3934
1
Outline
I.
Introduction
A.
Purpose of Lab
B.
Lab Objectives
C.
Definitions of key terms
D.
Lab Findings
II.
Discussion
A.
Winter Energy Consumption
B.
Local Power Plant
C.
Microwave Calculation
D.
Vehicle Horsepower Rating
E.
Energy Efficient Building Design
III.
Results
A. Calculations
IV.
Conclusion
A.
Summary of Results
B.
Lessons Learned
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V.
References
I.
Introduction
In our daily lives, energy use and efficiency are crucial in heating our homes, powering our vehicles, and designing our living spaces. In New Jersey's winter, maintaining home warmth involves managing oil consumption, thermal resistance, and U values. Moving on, the nearby Wilzig Associates, LLC thermal power plant in East Rutherford showcases solar-powered solutions and their efficient operation. Looking at household appliances, the microwave oven takes center stage in the story of energy conversion. On the road, a Ford Fiesta 1.0 EcoBoost's acceleration journey reveals the harmonious interplay of kinetic energy and engine power ratings. The U.S. Department of Energy's REScheck-Web calculator helps create a Florida-
friendly house, meeting energy efficiency standards. Each part of this energy story connects seamlessly, emphasizing the multifaceted impact of energy efficiency in our lives. From home warmth to transportation and eco-friendly designs, our journey unfolds with a backdrop of numbers and calculations, aiming for a more sustainable future.
II.
Discussion
In the cold winter months in New Jersey, where my home is situated, the average temperature hovers around 48 degrees Fahrenheit. We rely on an oil heating system that consumes approximately 400 gallons to keep our house warm during this season. With a house surface area of around 5400 square feet and an estimated average R-value of 5, our thermal resistance is calculated by combining the R-values of individual elements like windows and doors. For example, a wooden door contributes a thermal resistance of 1.2 m²K/W, and with 2
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windows having a thermal resistance of 1.4 m²K/W each, the total thermal resistance of the house sums up to 3.6 m²K/W. This results in a U value of 0.009 K/W and an R-value of 5.
Heating efficiency and energy sources play a crucial role in managing winter temperatures. Nearby, the Wilzig Associates, LLC thermal power plant in East Rutherford, with a capacity of 120 MW, operates as a solar-powered station. The plant boasts an efficiency of approximately 83%, calculated by dividing the electric power output by the thermal power output. Within the confines of my home, energy efficiency is further exemplified by the use of household appliances. For instance, the microwave oven has a rated microwave power of 900 watts and an actual electric power consumption of 1,100 watts. The oven's efficiency in converting electric energy into microwaves is 82%. By measuring the time it takes to heat a cup of water from room temperature to boiling point, the microwave power is determined to be 18.3 kW, which is lower than the oven's rated power.
On the road, I drive a Ford Fiesta 1.0 EcoBoost, equipped with an engine power rating of 123 hp. Accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h in 10.9 seconds, the car's kinetic energy at 100 km/h is calculated to be 1,152,000 kg m²/s². Surprisingly, the average power needed for this acceleration is 105,568.7 kW, less than the engine's power rating.
Shifting the focus to energy-efficient house design, I utilized the U.S. Department of Energy's REScheck-Web calculator to create a simple house in Florida. The design, comprising two windows, two doors, and a roof, meets Florida's energy efficiency standards. The calculated U-value of 0.061 and overall R-value of 16.3 showcase the design's success in adhering to the state's energy efficiency requirements. This comprehensive approach highlights the significance
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of energy efficiency in various aspects of our lives, from heating our homes to powering our vehicles and designing sustainable living spaces.
III.
Results
1.
The average temperature for the winter month in NJ, where my home is located, is 48 degrees Fahrenheit. From my family's heating bills, we consumed approximately 400 gallons of oil to heat our house in the winter season. The surface area of my house is about 5400 square feet, and I estimate an average R-value of 5 for the house. To calculate the R-value of a house, we first need to figure the U-value. The U value is the rate of heat loss from a house through its walls and roof. It is calculated by dividing the thermal resistance of the walls and ceiling (in m²K/W) by the total surface area of the house. The thermal resistance is calculated by adding the
R-value of each element. For instance, if a house has a wooden door, the thermal resistance of this element is 1.2 m²K/W. My home has a wooden door, so my thermal resistance is 1.2 m²K/W. I also have 2 windows with a thermal resistance of 1.4 m²K/W. The total thermal resistance of my house is, therefore, 3.6 m²K/W. The U value of my house is, therefore, 0.009 K/W, which gives an R-value of 5.
2.
The nearest thermal power plant to my home is the Wilzig Associates, LLC in East Rutherford, which has a capacity of
120 MW. It is a solar-powered station operated by Wilzig Associates. The efficiency of the power station is calculated by dividing the total electric power output by the total thermal power output. In this case, the efficiency of this station is approximately 83%.
3.
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The microwave oven in my home has a rated microwave power of 900 watts and an actual electric power consumption of 1,100 watts. The efficiency of the microwave oven at converting electric energy into microwaves is, therefore, 900/1100 = 0.82 or 82%. To calculate the microwave power, I heated a cup of water (250ml) from room temperature (20°C) to boiling point (100°C) in 3 minutes and 30 seconds. The amount of energy needed to heat the water can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the water (25 ml) by the specific heat capacity of water (4.186 kJ/kg°C) and the temperature change (80°C). The energy required is, therefore, 250ml x 4.186 kJ/kg C x 80°C = 659kj. The microwave power is then calculated by dividing the energy needed by the time taken to heat the water (3.5 minutes). The microwave power is, therefore, 659
kj/3.5 minutes = 18 .3 kW. This is lower than the oven's rated power of 900 watts.
4.
I drive a Ford Fiesta 1.0 EcoBoost with a mass of 1,152 kg. The engine power rating in horsepower is 123 hp, and the acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h is achieved in 10.9 seconds. To calculate the average power needed to give the car its kinetic energy at 100 km/h, we need to calculate the kinetic energy and divide it by the time taken to reach the speed. The kinetic energy
of the car is calculated by multiplying the ass of the car by the square of its velocity. Therefore, the car's kinetic energy at 100 km/h is 11,520 kg x (100 km/h)2 = 1,152,000 kg m2/s2. The time taken to reach 100 km/h is 10.9 seconds. The average power needed to give the car kinetic energy at 100 km/h is 1,152,000 kg m2/s2/10.9 seconds = 105,568.7 kW. This is lower than the engine power rating of 123 hp.
5.
Using the U.S. Department of Energy's REScheck-Web calculator, I designed a simple house with two windows, two doors, and a roof. The house is located in Florida, USA. The
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calculator determined that the design meets the energy efficiency standards for Florida. The calculation results showed that the house has an overall U-value of 0.061 and an overall R-value of 16.3, which meets Florida's energy efficiency requirements.
IV.
Conclusion
Our investigation into home heating, power generation, appliances, and sustainable design unveils a narrative centered on optimizing the balance between energy utilization and efficiency. In the winter landscape of New Jersey, the quest to maintain thermal comfort involves
managing oil consumption, conducting thermal resistance calculations, and achieving a delicate equilibrium represented by U values. The nearby Wilzig Associates, LLC thermal power plant introduces a solar-powered element, contributing to efficiency metrics. Examining household appliances, the microwave oven's unexpected power dynamics shed light on the intricate interplay between rated power and actual energy consumption.
The harmonious relationship between engine power ratings and the energy required for acceleration is shown in the examination of my vehicle. Transitioning to sustainable house design in Florida, our exploration showcases the amalgamation of creativity and efficiency in achieving harmonious U and R values aligning with state standards. In conclusion, home thermodynamics, vehicular dynamics, and sustainable architectural designs outline our commitment to optimizing energy efficiency. V.
References
Wolfson, R. (2018). Energy, Environment, and Climate: 3rd Edition.
W.W. Norton & Company
All energy infrastructure and resources
. U.S. Energy Atlas. (n.d.). https://atlas.eia.gov/app/5039a1a01ec34b6bbf0ab4fd57da5eb4
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Roser, M., Dattani, S., Ritchie, H., & team, O. W. in D. (n.d.). Our world is in data
. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/