3-1 Short Paper- Accounting Methods
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3-1 Short Paper: Accounting Methods
Nicole Sheppard
Southern New Hampshire University
ACC 405 – Advanced Accounting
Skye Osborne
November 12, 2023
Rationale:
We have had quite a successful year here at Cheeky Chocolates, since bringing our products to nationwide retail stores. After lengthy consideration, the decision has been made to expand the business and invest in the online market. After much consideration and research of many options and businesses, we have made the decision to acquire purchasing ownership into Online Confections of a Chocoholic. This report shows in detail the methods we have chosen, the
percentage amounts of ownership we would like to purchase, and journal entries about our new business ownership. If Cheeky Chocolate decided to acquire 20% or less of Online Confections of a Chocoholic, in order to consolidate the investment, the equity method of accounting would be used. Using this method details how an investor has significant influence in the company but does not have any control over the investee. This involves recognizing the investment at cost and
adjusting it over time for the investor’s share of the investor’s net income and dividends (Tuovila, 2023).
If the company were to acquire between 20% and 50% of Online Confections of a Chocoholic, the equity method would still be used to consolidate the investment. Over time, if Cheeky Chocolate were to acquire a significant amount of influence over Online Confections, there would be a change to the equity accounting method in which the investment on the balance sheet would be at a fair value and there would be recognition of Cheeky Chocolates comparative share of Online Confections net income/loss on the income statement. The fair value method is applied when an investor has any significant influence over an investee but still does not have control Chen, 2023). When using this method, the investment is initially recognized at cost, but subsequent adjustments would be made in order to reflect changes in the investor’s fair value.
If Cheeky Chocolates chose to acquire more than 50% of Online Confections of a Chocoholic, there would be a change from the equity method to acquisition for consolidation of the investment. Changing to the acquisition method would entail that investments on the balance sheet of the fair value price being recognized and consolidating the financial statements from Online Confections of a Chocoholic to Cheeky Chocolates. This method would be enacted when the investor, Cheeky Chocolates, owns more than 50% of the voting shares of Online Confections. Acquiring more than 50% of a company means that you have control over the investee, and consolidation accounting is the best method to use. These consolidated financial statements combine the financial information of the parent company and its subsidiary as if they were a single entity (Kenton, 2020). All assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses are combined, presenting a complete picture of the consolidated entity’s financial performance and position (Kenton, 2020). Journal Entries: (Entries based on Online Confections being worth $600,000 and having $80,000 end of year earnings-just an example)
Investing 15%:
Journal entry at the time of investment:
Debit: Investment in Online Confections of a Chocoholic- 15% cost (debit of 90,000)
Credit: Cash - exact dollar amount (credit of 90,000)
Journal entry at the end of the year:
Debit: Investment in Online Confections of a Chocoholic – Proportionate share of net
income (debit of $12,000)
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Credit: Revenue from Online Confections of a Chocoholic – Proportionate share of net income (credit of $12,000).
Investing 33.3%:
Journal entry at the time of investment:
Debit: Investment in Online Confections of a Chocoholic – 33.3% cost (debit of $199,800)
Credit: Cash - exact dollar amount of investment (credit of $199,800)
Journal entry at the end of the year:
Debit: Investment in Online Confections of a Chocoholic – Proportionate share of net
income (debit of $26,640)
Credit: Revenue from Online Confections of a Chocoholic – Proportionate share of net income (credit of $26,640). 3.
Investing 75%:
Journal entry at the time of investment:
Debit: Investment in Online Confections of a Chocoholic – 75% cost (debit of $450,000)
Credit: Cash - exact dollar amount of investment (credit of $450,000)
Journal entry at the end of the year:
Debit: Investment in Online Confections of a Chocoholic – Proportionate share of net
income (debit of $60,000)
Credit: Revenue from Online Confections of a Chocoholic – Proportionate share of net income (credit of $60,000)
Disclosure Notes:
Online Confections of a Chocoholic should have detailed information about investments in the company, which method of accounting was used to consolidate the investment, the percentage of ownership, and the transactions between the investor, Cheeky Chocolates, and them as the investee. Disclosure notes should also contain any pertinent information pertaining to
risks with the investment transactions, including contingencies with the investments, and any market regulations. Access to Online Confections assets and expenses and where their revenue stands should also be accessible. Investments and Ownership should have details about the investments made by Cheeky Chocolate in Online Confections, which should also include the percentage of ownership acquired and the accounting method which was used: equity method, fair value method, or consolidation method. There should be information pertaining to the impact on financial statements explaining how the investment makes an impact on the financial statements, including
the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. Significant risks and uncertainties should be included, with any disclosures related to any significant risks or uncertainties associated with the investment. These include potential fluctuations in the value of the investment or any contractual obligations. Related party transactions should also be documented in the disclosure notes, providing details of transactions between Cheeky Chocolates and Online Confections. Disclosure of any of the accounting policies used for recording the investment and any changes in policies should be
in the disclosure notes, if applicable. Segment reporting is also important if Online Confections is a significant operation segment of the chocolate factory, which could require additional segment reporting details. All of these disclosure notes are essential to providing stakeholders with a clear understanding of the investment, its impact on financial statements, and any of the potential risks that would be associated with the acquisition of Online Confections of a Chocoholic.
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References
Chen, J. (2023, April 25).
Fair Value Method of Accounting and Definition
. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fairvalue.asp
Kenton, W. (2023, June 21).
Consolidated Financial Statements: Requirements and Examples
. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consolidatedfinancialstatement.asp
Tuovila, A. (2023, November 3).
Equity Method of ccounting Definition and Example
. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/equitymethod.asp#:~:text=Under
%20the%20equity%20method%2C%20the,are%20paid%20out%20to%20shareholders.
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