Going South PPT

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School

University Of Arizona *

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Course

530

Subject

Accounting

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

pptx

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27

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Going South Lessons Learning From the HealthSouth Fraud
GOING SOUTH Introduction On March 18, 2003, a federal law enforcement task force executed a search warrant at the Birmingham, Alabama offices of HealthSouth Corporation.
GOING SOUTH Weston Smith-Background Corporate CFO Ambitious, intelligent and a great team player Worked for EY, one of the Big 4 accounting firms Grew up in a southern, middle-class family A family man and active in his community
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GOING SOUTH Types of Employee Workplace Crimes Anti-organizational crimes Pro-organizational crimes Non-aligned workplace crimes *The HealthSouth Fraud is an example of a pro-organizational employee workplace crime.
GOING SOUTH Characteristics of Pro-Organizational Crimes Primary goal is to advance their company’s reputation and financial goals. Primary intent is to benefit the organization and its members. Employees can also simultaneously personally benefit.
GOING SOUTH HealthSouth Background Largest public company accounting fraud in Alabama . One of the largest frauds in American business. The United States’ largest owner and operator of inpatient rehabilitative hospitals. Posted nearly $4.5 billion in revenue in 2003. Largest publicly listed healthcare company based on the number of locations. At the time, third largest in the U.S. based on revenue.
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GOING SOUTH A Billion Dollar Fraud $2.7 billion in false or unsupported entries found in the company’s accounting systems. Of that amount, $2.6 billion represented quarter-end entries processed.
GOING SOUTH HealthSouth: Positive Characteristics Well positioned to meet the shift in outpatient care. Great assets. Excellent quality and customer service. Board devoted to its revival.
GOING SOUTH Special Audit Review Committee On March 22, 2003, HealthSouth’s new board established a Special Audit Review Committee. For example: PriceWaterhouseCoopers was engaged to conduct a forensic audit. KPMG was engaged to provide tax compliance. Grant Thornton was engaged to reconstruct the Company’s financial statements.
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GOING SOUTH Forensic Accounting Goals HealthSouth was hiding a $2.7 billion accounting fraud from the world. The forensic investigative team was concerned with: Identifying misstatements in the publicly issued financial statements. Quantifying the impact of those misstatements. Offering recommendations regarding internal controls to prevent future frauds.
GOING SOUTH 2000-2003 Financial Statements Financial statements were restated. Required over 1,000,000 hours of outside help. 1.4 million accounts being analyzed. Of the accounts analyzed, 92% of them needed to be adjusted. Over 500 business combinations had to be reviewed and corrected.
GOING SOUTH Calculation of Revenue A gap existed between what a patient was charged for a service versus what was actually collected. The company recorded both its standard charge for the service and a contractual adjustment. Difference between the standard charge and the contractual adjustment represented the company's net operating revenue.
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GOING SOUTH Calculation of Revenue HealthSouth rarely collected its standard charge for any particular service. During the second quarter of 1996, HealthSouth began narrowing the gap between standard charges and anticipated reimbursements.
GOING SOUTH The Fraud Improperly reclassified a number of operating expenses to make it appear as if the expenses were never incurred. Fabricated hundreds of millions of dollars in pre-tax earnings. The investigative team reviewed journal entries between 1996 and 2002.
GOING SOUTH Income (Loss) before Income Taxes and Minority Interests (in $ millions) 1999 Form 10-K 2000 Form 10-K 2001 Form 10- K For six months ended June 30, 2002 Actual $(191) $194 $9 $157 Reported 230 559 434 340 Misstated Amount 421 365 425 183 Misstated Percentage 220% 188% 4,722% 119% Financial Comparison
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GOING SOUTH Journal Entry Characteristics Typically large dollar amounts. Carried generic, non-descriptive explanations. Not accompanied by the appropriate documentation. Entered into the accounting system through external uploads. Were booked to inter-company and corporate suspense accounts, thereby impacting accounts not normally associated with one another. Entries self-reversed during successive reporting periods. Entries contained designated letter prefixes so that they could be identified and not confused with the legitimate entries.
GOING SOUTH Fictitious Assets Fixed asset department created and recorded more than $1 billion of fictitious assets on the company's books in order to conceal income statement fraud.
GOING SOUTH The Audit Auditors questioned an addition to fixed assets at one particular HRC facility on the 2000 financial statements. HRC accounting personnel, knowingly altered an existing invoice. The altered invoice fraudulently indicated that the facility in question had actually purchased that asset. This altered invoice was then given to the auditors to support the recording of the fictitious asset in question. HRC accounting personnel would re-generate the fixed asset ledger, replacing the "AP Summary" line item with the name of a specific fixed asset that did not exist at the facility. Dollar amounts of the line item were left unchanged.
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GOING SOUTH Hiding the Fraud Between 1998 and 2002, reported income was affected by transferring a variety of current expenses to property, plant and equipment accounts. Accounts were then reclassified as capital assets and depreciated. These capitalization policies allowed the company to defer recognizing over $200 million in expenses.
GOING SOUTH Internal Control Weakness Included: No consistent written accounting policies. Aggressive implementation of capitalizing assets. Cash not reconciled to Treasury. Too much flexibility for field operations. Cut-off issues.
GOING SOUTH Michael Vines: Former Accountant "What I know about the accounting at HRC will be the blow that will bring HRC to its knees“ “What is going on at HRC ... if discovered by the right people will bring change to the accounting department at HRC if not the entire company"
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GOING SOUTH Concealing the Fraud Auditors reviewed any transactions over $5,000. Company employees were instructed to move around small amounts in increments to avoid detection.
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GOING SOUTH Tips for Whistle-Blowers Whistleblowing is a more effective than regulation. Don’t delay. Embrace your “inner whistleblower”. Be cautious of hotlines. Don’t break the law.
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GOING SOUTH Lessons Learned Always think about the journey and not the outcome. Because you can doesn’t mean you should. Always whistle while you work. Trust is built on telling the truth and not telling people what they want to hear.
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GOING SOUTH Conclusions Weston was sentenced to 27 months at Maxwell Federal Prison Camp. He served 14 months. Former CEO Richard Scrushy was the first CEO charged for violating the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Scrushy was charged with 36 of the original 85 counts. He was acquitted of all federal charges on June 28, 2005 after a jury trial in Birmingham.
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GOING SOUTH Conclusions Four months after the acquittal, Scrushy was charged with former Alabama Governor Don Siegelman for: Money laundering Extortion Obstruction of justice Racketeering Bribery Scrushy spent six years in federal prison.
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GOING SOUTH Conclusions In a civil trial, Judge Allwin E. Horn ruled in favor of the HealthSouth shareholders. Horn determined that Scrushy was responsible for HealthSouth’s fraud. Scrushy was ordered to pay $2.87 billion.
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