Treas K Communications Case
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Communications Case- Forward Contracts and Options 1
Communications Case- Forward Contracts and Options
Kristen Treas
California Baptist University
ACC 410: Advanced Accounting
Jim Rodisch
February 18, 2024
Communications Case- Forward Contracts and Options 2
Date: February 18, 2024
To: Dewey Nukem, PBEC’s CEO
From: Kristen Treas Subject: Comparative Analysis of Forward Contracts and Options for Foreign Exchange Risk Hedging
Dear Dewey Nukem,
I trust this memo finds you well. I am writing to provide you with a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing forward contracts and options to hedge foreign exchange risk. This analysis aims to offer valuable insights into the application of ASC 815 and IFRS 9 to guide decision-making in managing foreign exchange risk. Introduction
Foreign exchange risk is a serious concern for multinational corporations like PBEC, and it is important to choose the right hedging methods. There are three types of hedges a company might
choose to initiate a hedge of the foreign exchange risk: hedge of a recognized asset or liability that is foreign currency dominated, hedge of an unrecognized firm commitment of foreign currency, and hedge of a forecasted foreign currency transactions (Hoyle, Schaefer, & Doupnik, 2020). Forward Contracts and Options Foreign currency forward contracts are reference to the changes in the forward rate over the life of the contract (Hoyle, Schaefer, & Doupnik, 2020). They are instruments used to hedge against foreign exchange risk.
Communications Case- Forward Contracts and Options 3
Advantages:
Certainty in Exchange Rates: One of the benefits of forward contracts is the certainty of locking in future exchange rates.
Customization: Forward contracts can be tailored to meet transaction requirements.
Simplicity: Forward contracts are relatively simple to execute and understand.
No Premium Payment: Forward contracts do not require an upfront premium payment that can help with initial costs. (Hoyle, Schaefer, & Doupnik, 2020)
Disadvantages:
Lack of Flexibility: parties are obligated to uphold and fulfill the contract at the agreed-
upon exchange rate.
No Participation in Favorable Movements: The hedge is required to follow the agreed-
upon rate.
(Hoyle, Schaefer, & Doupnik, 2020)
Options
Foreign currency options give the holder of the option the right, but not the obligation, to trade any foreign currency in the future (Hoyle, Schaefer, & Doupnik, 2020). Advantages
Flexibility: This allows for strategic decision-making based on market conditions.
Limited Risk Exposure: The buyer of a currency option has limited risk exposure.
Tailored Hedging: Options can be structured to meet specific hedging needs.
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Communications Case- Forward Contracts and Options 4
(Hoyle, Schaefer, & Doupnik, 2020)
Disadvantages:
Premium Cost: Can increase the overall cost of the hedging strategy.
Complexity: Options can be complex financial instruments
No Certainty in Exchange Rate: The holder has the right to exercise the option at the predetermined rate, but it is not guaranteed.
(Hoyle, Schaefer, & Doupnik, 2020)
Application of ASC and IFRS:
The accounting treatment for forward contracts and options is covered under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, requires that an entity should recognize all interest rate swaps on its financial statements as an asset or liability and measure them according to fair value(
Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - PDF Free Download
, 2014) .Additionally, IFRS 9 specifies how an entity should classify and measure their financial assets, liabilities, and contracts to buy or sell their non-financial items (IFRS, 2017). Conclusion
Considering the risk tolerance at PBEC, a more tailored approach in choosing between forward contracts and options is essential. While forward contracts provide simplicity and certainty, they lack flexibility and have notable disadvantages. Financial options offer flexibility and limited risk exposure, but the possible complexity of them is important to consider. Sincerely, Kristen Treas
Communications Case- Forward Contracts and Options 5
References
Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - PDF Free Download
. (2014, January 3). Docplayer.net. https://docplayer.net/12553657-Derivatives-and-hedging-topic-815.html
Hoyle, J., Schaefer, T. & Doupnik, T. (2020).
Fundamentals of advanced accounting
. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
IFRS. (2017). IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
. Ifrs.org. https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/list-
of-standards/ifrs-9-financial-instruments/
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