Q10706771

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Andhra University *

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ACCOUNTING

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Accounting

Date

Nov 24, 2024

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docx

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2

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Q10706771 AID: 52136 | 30/11/2017 [Delimiter] [General guidance] [Section: Concepts and reason] Cost: The concept of cost in management accounting refers to the amount paid or amount sacrificed to obtain something. The value of all the costs will have to be determined in monetary values. There are various types of costs in cost accounting. Therefore, identification of the costs is a significant task in management decision making. Standard costing: It is a managerial accounting method that uses the benchmarks for measuring performance of the company. These benchmarks are known as “Standard”. Every company will have certain standards set according to their business or industry. Different types of standards like price and quantity standards are set by the company during a period by preparing the budgets. Actual quantity used or actual price of material may vary. Then, the difference between these standards and actuals are known as variances. These variances may be favorable or unfavorable. Thus, the company will establish the standards for direct material, direct labor and variable manufacturing overheads. So, variances of all these factors are analyzed using the variance analysis formulas. [Section: Fundamentals] Direct Material Cost: Direct material costs include cost of raw materials that are used in production or manufacture of a product. Direct material costs are easily identifiable cost of materials that have been used in the production process. Direct Labor Cost: Cost of labor that is directly attributable to the process of manufacturing is termed as direct labor cost. It includes wages, taxes related to payment of wages and cost of other benefits for employees borne by the company. Manufacturing overheads: Costs that are incurred in the factory, other than direct material and direct labor costs are termed as manufacturing overheads. Overhead are costs which are required to run a business but cannot be directly linked or attributed to any specific product, activity or service. There are two types of overheads costs such as Fixed overhead cost and variable overhead cost. Standard Rate: The rate established based upon standard costing system or the standard practices followed. Different standard rates are set for different activity base. Actual Rate: The rate at which activity has taken place is termed as actual rate. [Delimiter] [Starting Hint] Understand the labor efficiency and material quantity variances. [Delimiter] [Step 1] Material quantity variance: The difference between actual quantity of materials used at standard price and standard quantity of materials that was to be used at standard price is termed as material quantity variance. Labor efficiency variance: The difference between actual labor hours at standard rate and standard labor hours at standard rate is termed as labor efficiency variance. [Explanation] Material quantity and labor efficiency variances are directly related. Because An unfavorable direct labor efficiency variance could be caused by an unfavorable material usage variance. Poor quality materials could mean unfavorable material usage and cause inefficient labor usage. [Hint for next step] Based on the given information in the question, identify the correct option if the materials are of poor quality. [Delimiter] [Step 2] Poor quality materials have an unfavorable effect on both labor efficiency as well as on materials quantity variance. [Answer] Poor quality materials could have an unfavorable effect on labor efficiency as well as on materials quantity variance. [Answer End] [Answer Choice: Correct] Poor quality materials could have an unfavorable effect on labor efficiency as well as on materials quantity variance. [Answer Choice End] [Answer Choice: Wrong]
Poor quality materials could have an unfavorable effect on labor efficiency but not on materials quantity variance. [Answer Choice End] [Answer Choice: Wrong] Poor quality materials could have an unfavorable effect on materials quantity variance but not on labor efficiency variance. [Answer Choice End] [Answer Choice: Wrong] Poor quality materials do not have an unfavorable effect on labor efficiency as well as on materials quantity variance. [Answer Choice End] [Explanation] Material quantity variance is the difference between standard quantity and Actual quantity at the standard rate. Actual quantity will be higher than the standard quantity if the poor-quality materials are used. It will adversely affect the materials quantity variance. Labor efficiency variance is the difference between the standard hours and actual hours at standard rate. If the poor-quality materials are used, then the actual labor hours will be more than the budgeted labor hours due to working around flaws in material. It will adversely affect the labor efficiency. Hence, poor quality materials could have an unfavorable effect on both labor efficiency variance and materials quantity variance. As, both labor efficiency variance and materials quantity variance are effected due to poor quality materials, it only effects labor efficiency variance or it only effects materials quantity variance and it doesn’t not have any effect on both the variances are incorrect options.
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