Financial Statement Analysis Module 6
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MacKenzie Maddox
June 20, 2024
Financial Statement Analysis
Professor Hughes
Integrative Case Study 6.1
A.
Given your knowledge of Walmart’s key success and risk factors, use the note information described previously to evaluate Walmart’s accounting quality.
a.
Walmart’s accounting quality can be evaluated based on its changes in the following areas: assets, liabilities, and earnings to determine these adjustments are
necessary for credit analysis and equity valuation. First, the information provided in the notes alludes to its success depending on low attractive prices for its consumers while simultaneously having its supply chain. The risks of this include inventory management and scale of operations. Accounting methods such as GAAP understand the risks, financial situations, and performance of the company.
This provides investors a representation of a company’s anticipated earnings. Therefore, it appears Walmart’s accounting quality is decent and have disclosed important parts to facilitate economic decision process, significant policies and judgement. Secondly, focusing on the outlined groups of the accounting quality provides an explanation of each area of Walmart’s financial health. i.
Assets: the reported inventory value of Walmart is the lower of its cost or market value. Walmart could value its inventory using the first-in, first-out
(FIFO) approach or a specific identification method to improve inventory measurement since it utilizes a last-in, first-out method.
ii.
Liabilities: The long-term debt of Walmart is stated at face value. Walmart might evaluate its long-term debt using the present value of future cash flows method, which would improve the measurement of long-term debt.
iii.
If we take into consideration that Walmart's accounting policy does not create measures of assets and liabilities that represent financial reality and an assessment of net income that is anticipating future earnings, then we can recommend the following changes to improve accounting quality:
1.
Earnings: Walmart values their inventory using the average cost approach, which may cause earnings to be overstated or understated. Walmart could value its inventory using the identification method or the FIFO approach to enhance the measuring of earnings.
B.
If you believe that Walmart’s accounting policy does not yield measurements of assets and liabilities that reflect economic reality and a measurement of net income that is predictive of future earnings, suggest any changes that you would make to assets, liabilities, and earnings to improve accounting quality. (At this point in your learning process, if you do not have specific numerical adjustments to propose, at least describe potential journal entries you would make to change the financial statements, if any, and what information you might need to make those entries.)
a.
Walmart can improve its accounting quality in future earnings, relevant accounting policies and procedures and financial model software to implement higher quality accounting information to decrease biases and measuring inaccuracy while maximizing economic content. This can assist investors by identifying potential risks in the company as well as influencing Walmart to use the FIFO method to improve inventory measurement. Additionally, Walmart should consider disclosing its long-term debt using the present value of future cash flows rather than face value.
C.
Evaluate whether your proposed adjustments are necessary for (1) credit analysis and (2) equity valuation.
a.
In reviewing its business model, studies have shown that Walmart’s equity return has decreased over time based on after tax returns as they continue to use an antiquated business model. For instance, a 2.7% tax equity return on the market is
not too attractive for investors since approximately 1.6% is distributed to dividends and the remainder is used to repurchase shares and support annual capital expenditures. However, its credit analysis indicates the rating agencies believe Walmart to be an attractive investment vehicle to conservative investor. Walmart’s credit ratings indicate the businesses can repay their debts, the higher the grade the safer the investment. Therefore, Walmart’s portfolio appears to be a safer investment and the adjustments improve the accuracy and improvement of the financial statements for the benefit of the credit analysis and equity valuation. Walmart: A Value Equation Forensic Analysis - Taking The Long View (NYSE:WMT) | Seeking Alpha
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Qualitative characteristics make accounting information useful for decision-making
purposes. Identify the qualitative characteristic that is being adopted or not adopted for
each of the following situations.
You may copy and paste from this list:
comparability
consistency
confirmatory value
faithful representation
materiality
predictive value
relevance
timeliness
understandability
verifiability
1. The quality of Walmart's financial information helps its users to correct their prior
expectations on share prices.
2. Walmart is the only company in its industry to depreciate its plant assets on a
straight-line basis.
3. Walmart switches from first-in first-out (FIFO) to average-cost (AVCO) and then back
to FIFO over a 2-year period.
4. Walmart does not issue its first-quarter report until after the second-quarter results
are reported. (Do not use relevance.)
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Question 8
A soundly developed conceptual framework of concepts and objectives should:
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ASSIGNMENT:
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Direction: Answer comprehensively the following questions.
1. Explain the following statement, "While the statement of financial position can be
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statement reports on operations over a period of time."
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Question Content Area
Liquidity and Solvency Measures
Your friend, another accountant, has bet you that with your knowledge of accounting and just the computations for common analytical measures, you can figure out many aspects of a company's financial statements. You take the bet!
Match each computation to one of the liquidity and solvency measures in the table. (Hint: Begin by looking for simple computations and identifying the amounts in those computations. Look for other measures that use those amounts.)
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Answer the questions in the attached image
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Requirement
Referring to the qualitative characteristics of accounting information, indicate the fundamental characteristic (relevance or representationally
faithful) and its related attribute (confirmatory value, completeness, materiality, neutrality, or predictive value) for each of the following uses of
accounting information.
Use of Accounting Information
This year's reported earnings per share is
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Potential creditors review a company's long-
term liabilities footnote to determine that
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A corporation discloses both favorable and
unfavorable tax settlements.
C.
A company discloses the write-off of an
accounts receivable. The receivable due from
a major customer accounts for 35% of the
d. company's current assets.
A financial analyst computes a company's
five-year average cost of goods sold in order
e. to forecast next year's profit margin.
*****
Fundamental Characteristic
Attribute
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Match each computation to one of the liquidity and solvency measures in the table. (Hint: Begin by looking for simple computations and identifying the amounts in those computations. Look for other measures that use those amounts.)
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$3,095,000 – $900,000
Current ratio
$3,095,000 ÷ $900,000
Quick ratio
$1,866,000 ÷ $900,000
Accounts receivable turnover
$8,280,000 ÷ [($714,000 + $740,000) ÷ 2]
Number of days' sales in receivables
[($714,000 + $740,000) ÷ 2] ÷ ($8,280,000 ÷ 365)
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Inventory turnover
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Direction
A. Accounting systems that must follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Creditors
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Audit
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