Solutions for Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)
Problem 1SE:
Simulation (Example 1) If we flip a coin 10 times, how often do we get 6 or more heads? A first step...Problem 2SE:
Simulation Suppose you are carrying out a randomized experiment to test whether loud music...Problem 3SE:
Empirical versus Theoretical A Monopoly player claims that the probability of getting a 4 when...Problem 4SE:
Empirical versus Theoretical A person was trying to figure out the probability of getting two heads...Problem 5SE:
Empirical vs. Theoretical A friend flips a coin 10 times and says that the probability of getting a...Problem 6SE:
Empirical vs. Theoretical A magician claims that he has a fair coin-“fair” because both sides, heads...Problem 7SE:
Criminal Court Judges Criminal cases are assigned to judges randomly. The list of the criminal...Problem 8SE:
Random Assignment of Professors A study randomly assigned students attending the Air Force Academy...Problem 9SE:
Which of the following numbers could not be probabilities, and why? a.5.63b.0.063c.0.063d.163e.1.63Problem 10SE:
Which of the following numbers could not be probabilities, and why? a.125b.0.74c.0.001d.5.61e.150Problem 11SE:
Cards (Example 2) There are four suits: clubs , diamonds , hearts , and spades , and the following...Problem 12SE:
Playing Cards Refer to exercise 5.11 for information about cards. If you draw one card randomly from...Problem 13SE:
Guessing on Tests a. On a true/false quiz in which you are guessing, what is the probability of...Problem 14SE:
Guessing on Tests Consider a multiple-choice test with a total of four possible options for each...Problem 15SE:
Four Children (Example 3) The sample space given here shows all possible sequences for a family with...Problem 16SE:
Three Coins The sample shows the possible sequences for flipping three fair coins or flipping one...Problem 17SE:
Birthdays What is the probability that a baby will be born on a Friday OR a Saturday OR a Sunday if...Problem 18SE:
Playing Cards If one card is selected from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards, what is the probability...Problem 19SE:
College Poll A StatCrunch poll asked people if college was worth the financial investment. They also...Problem 20SE:
College Poll Refer to the table given for Exercise 5.19. a. If a person is chosen randomly, what is...Problem 21SE:
College Pol: “AND” (Example4) Refer to the table given for Exercise 5.19. If a person is chosen...Problem 22SE:
College Poll: “AND” Refer to the table given for Exercise 5.9. If person is chosen randomly from the...Problem 23SE:
College Poll: “OR” (Example 5) Refer to the table given for Exercise 5.19. a. If a person is chosen...Problem 24SE:
College Poll: OR Refer to the table given for Exercise 5.19. a. If a person is chosen randomly from...Problem 25SE:
College Poll: "OR" (Example 6) Refer to the table given for Exercise 5.19. If a person is chosen...Problem 26SE:
College Poll: OR Refer to the table given for Exercise 5.19. If a person is chosen randomly from the...Problem 27SE:
College Poll: Mutually Exclusive (Example 7) Referring to the table given in Exercise 5.19. name a...Problem 28SE:
College Poll: Not Mutually Exclusive Refer to the table given in Exercise 5.19. Suppose we select...Problem 29SE:
Mutually Exclusive Suppose a person is selected at random from a large population. Label each pair...Problem 30SE:
Mutually Exclusive Suppose a person is selected at random from a large population. Label each pair...Problem 31SE:
"OR" for Homeowners In the United States, the percentage of adults who own their own home is about...Problem 32SE:
"OR" with Rain Suppose a weather forecaster says the probability that it will rain on Saturday is 60...Problem 33SE:
Fair Die (Example 8) Roll a fair six-sided die. a. What is the probability that the die shows an odd...Problem 34SE:
Roll a Die Roll a fair six-sided die. a. What is the probability that the die shows an odd number OR...Problem 35SE:
Grades Assume that the only grades possible in a history course are A, B, C, and lower than C. The...Problem 36SE:
Changing Multiple-Choice Answers One of the authors did a survey to determine the effect of students...Problem 37SE:
Voting Suppose that in an election, adults are classified as having voted, being registered to vote...Problem 38SE:
Ages The mothers of Mrs. Moss's first grade students are in their twenties, thirties, and forties....Problem 39SE:
"AND" and "OR" Consider these categories of people, assuming that we are talking about all the...Problem 40SE:
"AND" and "OR" Assume that we are talking about all students at your college. a. Which group is...Problem 41SE:
"AND" and "OR" Considering all the adults in the United States, which group is larger: people who...Problem 42SE:
"AND" and "OR" Considering all the students at your school, which group is larger: students who play...Problem 43SE:
Thumbtacks When a certain type of thumbtack is tossed, the probability that it lands tip up is...Problem 44SE:
Thumbtacks When a certain type of thumbtack is tossed, the probability that it lands tip up is...Problem 45SE:
Multiple-Choice Exam An exam consists of 12 multiple-choice questions. Each of the 12 answers is...Problem 46SE:
Driving Exam A driving exam consists of 30 multiple-choice questions. Each of the answers is either...Problem 47SE:
College poll Again: Is College Worth it (Example 9) A person is selected randomly from the men in...Problem 48SE:
College Poll A person is selected randomly from the entire group whose responses are summarized in...Problem 49SE:
College Poll (Example 10) Use the data given in Exercise 5.47. a. Find the probability that a...Problem 50SE:
College Poll Use the data given in Exercise 5.47. a. Find the probability that a randomly chosen...Problem 51SE:
Independent? Suppose a person is chosen at random. Use your understanding about the world of...Problem 52SE:
Independent? About 12#37; of men and 10#37; of women are left-handed. If we select a person at...Problem 53SE:
Independent? Suppose a person is chosen at random. Use your knowledge about the world to decide...Problem 54SE:
Independent? Ring sizes typically range from about 3 to about 14. Based on what you know about...Problem 55SE:
College Poll (Example 11) Refer to the table in Exercise 5.47. Suppose a person is randomly selected...Problem 56SE:
College Poll Assume a person is selected randomly from the group of people represented in the table...Problem 57SE:
Hand Folding (Example 13) When people fold their hands together with interlocking fingers, most...Problem 58SE:
Dice When two dice are rolled, is the event “the first die shows a 1 on top” independent of the...Problem 59SE:
Happiness and Tradition Views (Example 13) In the 2012 General Social Survey (GSS), people were...Problem 60SE:
Happiness Using the table in Exercise 5.59, determine whether being unhappy is independent of...Problem 61SE:
Coin (Example 15) Imagine flipping three fair coins. a. What is the theoretical probability that all...Problem 62SE:
Die Imagine rolling a fair six-sided die three times. a. What is the theoretical probability that...Problem 63SE:
Die Sequences (Example 16) Roll a fair six-sided die five times, and record the number of spots on...Problem 64SE:
Babies Assume that babies born are equally likely to be boys (B) or girls (G). Assume a woman has...Problem 65SE:
Recidivism (Example 16) Florida's recidivism rate is 33. This means that about 33 of released...Problem 66SE:
Seat Belt Use Scat belt use in Michigan in 2012 is estimated at 95, which means 95 of people use...Problem 67SE:
Cervical Cancer (Example 18) According to a study published in Scientific American, about 8 women in...Problem 68SE:
Cervical Cancer About 8 women in 100,000 have cervical cancer C, so PC=0.00008 and P(no C) =0.99992....Problem 69SE:
Simulating Coin Flips (Example 18) a. Simulate flipping a coin 20 times. Use the line of random...Problem 70SE:
Simulation a. Explain how you could use digits from a random number table to simulate rolling a fair...Problem 71SE:
Law of Large Numbers Refer to Histograms A, B, and C, which show the relative frequencies from...Problem 72SE:
Law of Large Numbers The table shows the results of rolling a fair six-sided die. Using the table,...Problem 73SE:
Coin Flips Imagine flipping a fair coin many times. Explain what should happen to the proportion of...Problem 74SE:
Coin Flips, Again Refer to the following figure. a. After a large number of flips, the overall...Problem 75SE:
Law of Large Numbers: Gambling Betty and Jane are gambling. They are cutting cards (picking a random...Problem 76SE:
LLN: Grandchildren Consider two pairs of grandparents. The first pair has 4 grandchildren, and the...Problem 77SE:
LLN: Coin If you flip a fair coin repeatedly and the first four results are tails, are you more...Problem 78SE:
LLN: Die The graph shows the average when a six-sided die is rolled repeatedly. For example, if the...Problem 79SE:
Jury Duty A jury is supposed to represent the population. We wish to perform a simulation to...Problem 80SE:
Left-handed Some estimates say that 10#37; of the population is left-handed. We wish to design a...Problem 81SE:
Simulation: Four-Sided Die a. Explain how you could use a random number table (or the random numbers...Problem 82SE:
Simulation: Six-Sided Die a. Explain how you could use a random number table to simulate rolling a...Problem 83CRE:
Capitalism According to a Pew poll conducted in 2012, 228 out of Republican viewed “Capitalism” as...Problem 84CRE:
Socialism According to Pew poll conducted in 2012, 235 out of 489 Democrats viewed “Socialism” as...Problem 85CRE:
Independent Variables Use your general knowledge to label the following pairs of variables as...Problem 86CRE:
Independent Variables Use your general knowledge to label the following pairs of variables as...Problem 87CRE:
Death Penalty According to a Gallup poll conducted in 2013, 67 of men support the death penalty in...Problem 88CRE:
Gay and Lesbian Relationships According to a Gallup conducted poll in 2012, 64 of men and 66 of...Problem 89CRE:
Internet Access A 2013 Pew poll said that 93 of young adults in the United States have Internet...Problem 90CRE:
SAT ores The probability of a randomly selected person having a grade of 500 or above on the...Problem 91CRE:
Birthdays Suppose all the days of the week are equally likely as birthdays. Alicia and David are two...Problem 92CRE:
Pass Rate of Written Driver’s Exam In California, about 92#37; of teens who take the written...Problem 93CRE:
Rich Happier 2012 A Gallup poll asked, "Do you think that rich people in America today are happier...Problem 94CRE:
Rich Happier 1990 A Gallup poll asked, "Do you think that rich people in America today are happier...Problem 95CRE:
Likely to Become Rich? A Gallup poll conducted in 2012 asked people who were not rich whether they...Problem 96CRE:
Benefits from Rich A Gallup poll conducted in 2012 asked people, "Do you think the United States...Problem 97CRE:
Virginia Juveniles In Virginia, in 2010, re-arrests occurred within one year for 46 of juveniles...Problem 98CRE:
California Recidivism In California, the recidivism rate for prisoners is 67.5. That is 67.5 of...Problem 99CRE:
California Recidivism and Gender Women return to prison at a lower rate than men do (58.0#37; for...Problem 100CRE:
Blue Eyes About 17#37; of American men have blue eyes and 17#37; of American women have blue eyes....Problem 101CRE:
Construct a two-way table with 60 women and 80 men in which both groups show equal percentage of...Problem 102CRE:
Construct a two-way table with 60 women and 80 men in which there is a higher percentage of...Problem 103CRE:
Law of Large Numbers A famous study by Amos Tversky and Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman asked people...Problem 104CRE:
Law of Large Numbers A certain professional basket-ball player typically makes 80#37; of his basket...Problem 105CRE:
Simulating Guessing on a Multiple-Choice Test Suppose a student takes a 10-question multiple-choice...Problem 106CRE:
Simulating Guessing on a True/False Test Perform a simulation of a student guessing on a true/false...Problem 107CRE:
Red Light/Green Light A busy street has three traffic lights in a row. These lights are not...Problem 108CRE:
Soda A soda-bottling plant has a flaw in that 20#37; of the bottles it fills do not have enough soda...Problem 109CRE:
GSS: Political Party The General Social Survey (GSS) is a survey done nearly every year at the...Problem 110CRE:
GSS: Political Party Refer to the table given in Exercise 5.109. a. If one person is chosen randomly...Problem 111CRE:
GSS: AND Refer to the table given in Exercise 5.109. Suppose we select a person at random from this...Problem 112CRE:
GSS: AND Refer to the table given in Exercise 5.109. Suppose we select a person at random from this...Problem 113CRE:
GSS: OR Select someone at random from the 1858 people in the table given in Exercise 5.109. What is...Problem 114CRE:
GSS: OR Select someone at random from the 1858 people in the table given in Exercise 5.109. What is...Problem 115CRE:
GSS: OR Assume one person is chosen randomly from the 1858 people in the table given in Exercise...Problem 116CRE:
GSS: OR Assume that one person is chosen randomly from the table given in Exercise 5.109. What is...Problem 117CRE:
GSS: Mutually Exclusive Referring to the table given in Exercise 5.109, name a pair of mutually...Problem 118CRE:
GSS: Mutually Exclusive Referring to the table given in Exercise 5.109, name a pair of events that...Problem 119CRE:
Political Party, Again A person is selected randomly from the sample summarized in the for Exercise...Problem 120CRE:
Political Party Use the table in Exercise 5.109. A person is selected randomly from the sample...Problem 121CRE:
Political Party, Again Refer to the table for Exercise 5.109. a. Find the probability that a...Problem 122CRE:
Party, Again Refer to the table for Exercise 5.109. a. Find the probability that a randomly chosen...Problem 123CRE:
Coin Flips Let H stand for heads and let T stand for tails in an experiment where a fair coin is...Problem 124CRE:
Cubes A hat contains a number of cubes: 15 red, 10 white, 5 blue, and 20 black. One cube is chosen...Problem 125CRE:
Mutually Exclusive Suppose a person is selected at random. Label each pair of events as mutually...Problem 126CRE:
Mutually Exclusive Suppose a person is selected at random. Label each pair of events as mutually...Problem 127CRE:
“OR” The Humane society of the United States reported that 39 of households owned one or more dogs...Problem 128CRE:
“OR” Suppose you discovered that on your college campus, 4 of the female students were married and 4...Problem 129CRE:
UFOs When two people meet, they are sometimes surprised that they have similar beliefs. A survey of...Problem 130CRE:
Seat Belt Use In 2009, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said that 84 of drivers...Problem 131CRE:
Independent Imagine rolling a red die and a blue die. From this trial, name a pair of independent...Problem 132CRE:
Mutually Exclusive Imagine rolling a red die and a blue die. From this trial, name a pair of...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Introduction To DataChapter 2 - Picturing Variation With GraphsChapter 3 - Numerical Summaries Of Center And VariationChapter 4 - Regression Analysis: Exploring Associations Between VariablesChapter 5 - Modeling Variation With ProbabilityChapter 6 - Modeling Random Events: The Normal And Binomial ModelsChapter 7 - Survey Sampling And InferenceChapter 8 - Hypothesis Testing For Population ProportionsChapter 9 - Inferring Population MeansChapter 10 - Associations Between Categorical Variables
Book Details
We live in a data-driven world, and the goal of this text is to teach students how to access and analyze these data critically. Authors Rob Gould and Colleen Ryan emphasize that learning statistics extends beyond the classroom to an essential life skill, and want students to develop a "data habit of mind." Regardless of their math backgrounds, students will learn how to think about data and how to reason using data. With a clear, unintimidating writing style and carefully chosen pedagogy, this text makes data analysis accessible to all students.
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