FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS10th EditionBorgnakke Publisher: WILEYISBN: 9781119634928
FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS
Solutions for FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS
Problem 4.2P:
What is the effect can be felt upstream in a flow?Problem 4.4P:
Air at 500 kPa is expanded to l00 kPa in two steady-flow cases. Case one is a nozzle and case two is...Problem 4.5P:
A windmill takes out a fraction of the wind kinetic energy as power on a shaft. How do the...Problem 4.6P:
An underwater turbine extracts a fraction of the kinetic energy from the ocean current. How do the...Problem 4.7P:
A liquid water turbine at the bottom of a dam takes energy out as power on a shaft. Which term(s) in...Problem 4.8P:
You blow a balloon up with air. What kinds of work terms, including flow work, do you see in that...Problem 4.9P:
Storage tanks of cryogenic liquids (O2,N2,CH4) are very cold so they are well insulated but some...Problem 4.10P:
A large brewery has a pipe of cross-sectional area 0.2m2 flowing carbon dioxide at 1000kPa,0C with a...Problem 4.11P:
A pool is to be filled with 60m3 water from a garden hose of 2.5cm diameter flowing water at 2m/s ....Problem 4.12P:
Natural gas, CH4 , flowing in a 5cm -diameter pipe at 15C and 200kPa at the rate of 0.05kg/s ,...Problem 4.13P:
A boiler receives a constant flow of 5000kg/h liquid water at 5 MPa and 20°C, and it heats the flow...Problem 4.14P:
A 0.6m -diameter household fan takes air in at 98kPa,20C and delivers it at 105kPa,20.4C with a...Problem 4.15P:
Liquid water at 15°C flows out of nozzle straight up 15m . What is nozzle Vexit . and the specific...Problem 4.16P:
A nozzle receives an ideal gas flow with a velocity of 25m/s , and the exit at l00kPa,300K velocity...Problem 4.17P:
In a jet engine a flow afar at 1000K,200kPa, and 30m/s enters a nozzle, as shown in FigP4.17, where...Problem 4.18P:
The wind is blowing horizontally at 30m/s in a storm at P0,20C toward a wall, where it comes to a...Problem 4.19P:
A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 3000m/s , where the pressure is 0.1 atm and the temperature...Problem 4.20P:
Carbon dioxide is throttled from 20C,2000kPa to 800kPa . Find the exit temperature, assuming ideal...Problem 4.21P:
Saturated liquid R-410A at 25°C is throttled to 400kPa in a refrigerator. What is the exit...Problem 4.22P:
Carbon dioxide used as a natural refrigerant flows out of a cooler at 10MPa,40C , after which it is...Problem 4.23P:
Liquid water at 180C,2000kPa is throttled into a flash evaporator chamber having a pressure of 500...Problem 4.24P:
Methane at 1MPa,250K is throttled through a valve to l00 kPa. Assume no change in the kinetic...Problem 4.25P:
A steam turbine has an n1et of 3kg/s water at 1200 kPa and 350°C with a velocity of 15m/s . The exit...Problem 4.26P:
Air at 20m/s,1500K,875kPa with 5kg/s flows into a turbine and it flows out at 25m/s,850K,105kPa ....Problem 4.27P:
Solve the previous problem using Table A.7.Problem 4.28P:
A wind turbine can extract at most a fraction 16/27 of the wind kinetic energy. With a rotor...Problem 4.29P:
A liquid water turbine receives 2kg/s water at 2000kPa,20C with a velocity of 15m/s . The exit is at...Problem 4.30P:
A small high-speed turbine operating on compressed air produces a power output of 100 W. The inlet...Problem 4.31P:
Hoover Dam across the Colorado River dams up Lake Mead 200m higher than the river downstream (see...Problem 4.32P:
What is the specific work one can get from Hoover Dam now that the water level is down to 160 m...Problem 4.33P:
R-410A in a commercial refrigerator flows into the compressor at 25C and x=1 . The exit is at 1200...Problem 4.34P:
A compressor brings nitrogen from 100kPa,290K to 2000kPa . The process has a specific work input of...Problem 4.35P:
A refrigerator uses the natural refrigerant carbon dioxide where the compressor brings 0.02kg/s from...Problem 4.36P:
A factory generates compressed air from l00kPa,17C by compression to 800kPa,500K , after which it...Problem 4.37P:
A compressor brings R-134a from 150kPa,10Cto1200kPa,50C . It is water cooled, with heat loss...Problem 4.38P:
An exhaust fan in a building should be able to move 3kg/s atmospheric pressure air at 25°C through a...Problem 4.40P:
The air conditioner in a house or a car has a cooler that brings atmospheric air from 30Cto10C ,...Problem 4.41P:
A boiler section boils 3kg/s saturated liquid water at 2000 kPa to saturated vapor in a reversible...Problem 4.42P:
A superheater takes 3kg/s saturated water vapor in and heats it at 2000kPato350C . Find the specific...Problem 4.43P:
Carbon dioxide enters a steady-state, steady-flow heater at 300kPa,300K and exits at 275kPa,1500K ....Problem 4.44P:
Find the heat transfer in Problem 4.13.Problem 4.45P:
A chiller cools liquid water for air-conditioning purposes. Assume that 2.5kg/s water at 20C,l00kPa...Problem 4.46P:
Saturated liquid nitrogen at 600 kPa enters a boiler at a rate of 0.008kg/s and exits as saturated...Problem 4.48P:
Liquid nitrogen at 90K,400kPa flows into a probe used in a cryogenic surgery. In the return line the...Problem 4.49P:
Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling it as it absorbs energy. The glycol enters the engine...Problem 4.50P:
An irrigation pump takes water from a river at 10C,100kPa and pumps it up to an open canal, where it...Problem 4.51P:
A pipe from one building to another flows water at 10°C from one building to another. In the winter...Problem 4.52P:
A river flowing at 0.5m/s across a 1-m-high and 10-m-wide area has a clam that creates an elevation...Problem 4.53P:
A cutting tool uses a nozzle that generates a high-speed jet of liquid water. Assume an exit...Problem 4.54P:
An adiabatic steam turbine in a power plant receives 5kg/s steam at 3000kPa,500C . Twenty percent of...Problem 4.56P:
A steam turbine receives steam from two boilers (see Fig. P4.56). One flow is 5kgsat3MPa,700C and...Problem 4.59P:
A condenser (heat exchanger) brings 1kg/s water flow at 10 kPa quality 95 to saturated liquid at 10...Problem 4.60P:
Steam at 500kPa,300C is used to heat cold water at 15°C to 75°C for a domestic hot water supply. How...Problem 4.61P:
A dual-fluid heat exchanger has 5kg/s water entering at 40C,150kPa and leaving at 10C,150kPa . The...Problem 4.62P:
An energy recovery heat exchanger, shown in Fig. P4.62, is used to heat water flow at...Problem 4.64P:
In a co-flowing (same-direction) heat exchanger, 1kg/s air at 500 K flows into one channel and 2kg/s...Problem 4.65P:
An a water counter flowing heat exchanger has one line with 2kg/s at 125kPa,1000K entering, and the...Problem 4.66P:
An automotive radiator has glycol at 95°C enter and return at 55°C as shown in Fig P4.66. Air flows...Problem 4.68P:
Two air flows are combined to a single flow. One flow is 1m3/sat20C and the other is 2m3/s at 200°C,...Problem 4.69P:
An open feedwater heater in a power plant heats 4kg/s water at 45C,l00kPa by mixing it with steam...Problem 4.70P:
A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 1.5kg/s at 1000kPa,100C that is mixed with another flow of...Problem 4.71P:
A mixing chamber with heat transfer receives 2kg/s of R410A , at 1MPa40C in one line and 1kg/s of...Problem 4.72P:
A geothermal supply of hot water at 500kPa,150C is fed to an insulated flash evaporator at the rate...Problem 4.73P:
A flow of 5kg/s water at l00kPa,20C should be delivered as steam at 1000kPa,350C to some...Problem 4.74P:
A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen ri at 20C,150kPa and compresses it to 600kPa,450K . Then it...Problem 4.75P:
The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold liquid water to cool the nitrogen. The nitrogen...Problem 4.77P:
A modern jet engine has a temperature after combustions of about 1500K at 3200kPa as it enters the...Problem 4.78P:
A proposal is made to use a geothermal supply of hot water to operate a steam turbine, as shown in...Problem 4.80P:
An initially empty canister of volume 0.2m3 is filled with carbon dioxide from a line at 800kPa,400K...Problem 4.81P:
Repeat the previous problem but use the line condition at 800kPa,20C and Table B.3 to solve it.Problem 4.82P:
A tank contains 1m3 air at 100kPa,300K . A pipe flowing at 1000kPa,300K is connected to the tank and...Problem 4.83P:
A 2.5L tank initially is empty, and we want to fill it with l0 g of ammonia. The ammonia comes from...Problem 4.84P:
An insulated 2m3 tank is to be charged with R-134a from a line flowing the refrigerant at 3MPa,90C ....Problem 4.86P:
A 3m3 ? cryogenic storage tank contains nitrogen at 120 K, with quality 20 . Saturated vapor is now...Problem 4.87P:
A nitrogen line at 300K,0.5MPa , shown in Fig. P4.87, is connected to a turbine that exhausts to a...Problem 4.89P:
A 200L tank (see Fig. P4.89) initially contains water at 100 kPa and a quality of 1 . Heat is...Problem 4.90P:
A 1-L can of R-410A is at room temperature, 20°C, with a quality of 50°C. A leak in the top valve...Problem 4.91P:
Steam at 3MPa,400C enters a turbine with a volume-flow rate of 5m3/s . An extraction of 15% of the...Problem 4.92P:
In a glass factory a 2m -wide sheet of glass at 1500 K comes out of the final rollers, which fix the...Problem 4.93P:
Assume a setup similar to that of the previous problem, but with the air flowing in the opposite...Problem 4.94P:
Three a flows, all at 200 kPa, e connected to the same exit duct and mix thought external heat...Problem 4.95P:
A 1m3,40kg rigid steel tank contains air at 500 kPa, and both tank and air are at 20°C. The tank is...Problem 4.96P:
An insulated spring-loaded piston/cylinder device, shown in Fig. P4.96, is connected to an air line...Problem 4.97P:
A piston/cyl. setup like Fig. 4.96 is such that at V=0 the spring is relaxed and at V=100cm3 the...Problem 4.98P:
A mass-loaded piston/cylinder shown in Fig. P4.98, containing : is at 300kPa,17C with a volume of...Problem 4.99P:
A flow of 2kg/s of water at 500kPa,20C is heated in a constant-pressure process to 1900 K Find the...Problem 4.100EP:
Refrigerant R-410A at l00psia,60F flows at 0.1lbm/s in a 2.5ft2 cross-sectional area pipe. Find the...Problem 4.101EP:
A pool is to be filled with 2500ft3 water from a garden hose of 1 in. diameter flowing water at...Problem 4.102EP:
Liquid water at 60 F flows out of a nozzle straight up 40 ft. What is the nozzle Vexit and the...Problem 4.105EP:
Nitrogen gas flows into a convergent nozzle at 30Ibf/in.2,600R and very low velocity. It flows out...Problem 4.106EP:
A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 10000ft/s where the pressure is 0.1 atm and temperature 40F...Problem 4.107EP:
Refrigerant R-410A flows out of a cooler at 70F,220psia , after which it is throttled to 77 psia....Problem 4.108EP:
Saturated vapor R-410A at 75 psia is throttled to 15 psia. What is the exit temperature7 Repeat the...Problem 4.109EP:
A wind turbine can exact at most a fraction 16/27 of the wind kinetic energy. With a rotor diameter...Problem 4.110EP:
A liquid water turbine receives 4Ibm/s water at 300psia,77F with a velocity of 50ft/s . The exit is...Problem 4.112EP:
What is the specific work one can get from Hoover Darn now that the water level is down to 480 ft...Problem 4.113EP:
A small-speed turbine operating on compressed air produces a power output of 0.1 hp The inlet state...Problem 4.114EP:
R.410A in a commercial refigerator flows into the compressor l0F and x=1 . The exits at 400psia,180F...Problem 4.115EP:
An exhaust fan in a building should be able to move 6Ibm/s of air at 14.4psia,68F through a...Problem 4.116EP:
Carbon dioxide gas enters a steady-state, steady-flow heater at 45Ibf/in2,60F and exits at...Problem 4.118EP:
Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling t as it absorbs energy. The glycol enters the engine...Problem 4.121EP:
Do the previous problem if the water is just heated to the boiling point at 60 psia.Problem 4.122EP:
A dual-fluid heat exchanger has l0Ibm/s water entering at l00F,20psia and leaving at 50F,20psia ....Problem 4.123EP:
Steam at 80psia,600F is used to heat cold water at 60 F to 170 F for a domestic hot water supply....Problem 4.125EP:
Two flows of air are both at 30 psia one has 1Ibm/s at 720 R and the other has 2Ibm/s at 520 R. The...Problem 4.126EP:
A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 3Ibm/s at 150psia,200F that is mixed with another flow of...Problem 4.127EP:
A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen n at 80F,20psia and compresses it to 80psia,800R . Then it...Problem 4.128EP:
The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold liquid water to cool the nitrogen. The nitrogen...Problem 4.131EP:
A tank contains l0ft3 of air at 15psia,540R . A pipe of flowing air at l50psia,540R is connected to...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Introduction And PreliminariesChapter 2 - Properties Of A Pure SubstanceChapter 3 - Energy Equation And First Law Of ThermodynamicsChapter 4 - Energy Analysis For A Control VolumeChapter 5 - The Second Law Of ThermodynamicsChapter 6 - EntropyChapter 7 - Entropy Analysis For A Control VolumeChapter 9 - Power And Refrigiration Systems-with Phase Change
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