Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The structures of the compounds A, B, C, and D are to be proposed with proper stereochemistry.
Concept introduction:
舧 Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.
舧 Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.
舧 Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
舧 Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
舧 Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
舧 The reaction in which there is addition of hydrogen molecule is called hydrogenation reaction.
舧
舧 The formula of degree of unsaturation (U) can be represented as
Here,
舧 Alkyl halides react with magnesium in ethers to give the Grignard reagents, which react with aqueous acid to give alkanes.
舧 Alkyl halides with a β�-hydrogen in anti-periplanar arrangement can react with strong base like sodium ethoxide in ethanol to yield alkenes.
舧 Alkenes react with ozone and subsequently work up with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to yield aldehydes or ketones.
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