Chapter AS, Problem 24PQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The diagram that is best representation of ground state of $p$ valence electron has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

There is total of 4 quantum numbers: principal quantum number $(n)$, angular momentum quantum number $(l)$, magnetic quantum number $(m)$ and electron spin quantum number $(m_s)$.

$n$ indicates energy and distance from nucleus and represents the shell.  Its allowed values are all positive whole numbers.

$l$ indicates shape of the orbital. Its allowed values are all positive integer from 0 to $n-1$. The table for the $l$ values is as follows:

$l$	$0$	$1$	$2$	$3$	$4$	$5$	$6$
Subshell	$s$	$p$	$d$	$f$	$g$	$h$	$i$

$m$ indicates the arrangement of orbitals. The values of $m$ for any orbital are given by any integer value from $-l$ to $+l$. $m_s$ has only 2 possible values, $+\frac{1}{2}$ and $-\frac{1}{2}$. It describes the spin of each electron in the orbital.