undefined Solution To show: The circle of radius a has curvature 1 a . Definition used: “The arc length of the curve C is s ( t ) = ∫ a t r ′ ⋅ r ′ d t . Formula used: “The curvature κ ( s ) of a curve C : r ( s ) ( s the arc length) at a point P of C measures the rate of change of | u ′ ( s ) | of the unit tangent vector u ( s ) at P . That is, κ ( s ) measures the deviation of C at P from a straight line. The definition is κ ( s ) = | u ′ ( s ) | = | r ″ ( s ) | . Calculation: Given that, the radius of the circle is a . It is known that the equation of the circle is x 2 + y 2 = a 2 . Note that the center of the circle is ( 0 , 0 ) . In order to find curvature κ ( s ) , find arc length of the circle as follows. It is to be noted that the parametric form of circle is, r ( t ) = a cos t + i a sin t . Now find the derivative of r ( t ) = a cos t + i a sin t with respect to t as follows. r ′ ( t ) = d d t ( a cos t + i sin t ) = ( a d d t ( cos t ) + a i d d t ( sin t ) ) = ( a ( − sin t ) + a i ( cos t ) ) = − a sin t + i a cos t Now compute the value of r ′ ( t ) ⋅ r ′ ( t ) as follows. r ′ ( t ) ⋅ r ′ ( t ) = ( − a sin t + i a cos t ) ⋅ ( − a sin t + i a cos t ) = a 2 sin 2 t + a 2 cos 2 t = a 2 ( sin 2 t + cos 2 t ) = a 2 Compute the arc length of the circle as follows. s ( t ) = ∫ 0 t r ′ ⋅ r ′ d t = ∫ 0 t a 2 d t = a ∫ 0 t d t = a t Thus, the arc length of the circle is s = a t . In order to find curvature κ ( s ) , compute the value of | r ″ ( s ) | as follows. r ( t ) = a cos t + i a sin t r ( s ) = a cos ( s a ) + i a sin ( s a ) ( ∵ s = a t ) Now find the value of | r ″ ( s ) | as follows. r ( s ) = a cos ( s a ) + i a sin ( s a ) r ′ ( s ) = − a sin ( s a ) ( 1 a ) + i a cos ( s a ) ( 1 a ) = − sin ( s a ) + i cos ( s a ) r ″ ( s ) = − cos ( s a ) ( 1 a ) − i sin ( s a ) ( 1 a ) On further simplifications, r ″ ( s ) = − 1 a cos ( s a ) − 1 a i sin ( s a ) | r ″ ( s ) | = ( − 1 a cos ( s a ) ) 2 + ( − 1 a sin ( s a ) ) 2 κ ( s ) = ( 1 a 2 cos 2 ( s a ) ) + ( 1 a 2 sin 2 ( s a ) ) κ ( s ) = 1 a Hence, the circle of radius a has curvature 1 a .

10th Edition

ISBN: 9780470458365

Author: Erwin Kreyszig

Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated

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Chapter 9.5, Problem 46P

Chapter 9.5, Problem 48P

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Chapter 9 Solutions

Advanced Engineering Mathematics

Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 9.1 - Find the components of the vector v with initial...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 9.1 - Find the components of the vector v with initial...Ch. 9.1 - Find the terminal point Q of the vector v with...Ch. 9.1 - Find the terminal point Q of the vector v with...Ch. 9.1 - Find the terminal point Q of the vector v with...Ch. 9.1 - Find the terminal point Q of the vector v with...Ch. 9.1 - Find the terminal point Q of the vector v with...

Ch. 9.1 - Let a = [3, 2, 0] = 3i + 2j; b = [−4, 6, 0] = 4i +...Ch. 9.1 - Let a = [3, 2, 0] = 3i + 2j; b = [−4, 6, 0] = 4i +...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 13P Ch. 9.1 - Let a = [3, 2, 0] = 3i + 2j; b = [−4, 6, 0] = 4i +...Ch. 9.1 - Let a = [3, 2, 0] = 3i + 2j; b = [−4, 6, 0] = 4i +...Ch. 9.1 - Let a = [3, 2, 0] = 3i + 2j; b = [−4, 6, 0] = 4i +...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 17P Ch. 9.1 - Let a = [3, 2, 0] = 3i + 2j; b = [−4, 6, 0] = 4i +...Ch. 9.1 - What laws do Probs. 12–16 illustrate? 12. (a + b)...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 20P Ch. 9.1 - Find the resultant in terms of components and its...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 22P Ch. 9.1 - Find the resultant in terms of components and its...Ch. 9.1 - Find the resultant in terms of components and its...Ch. 9.1 - Find the resultant in terms of components and its...Ch. 9.1 - Equilibrium. Find v such that p, q, u in Prob. 21...Ch. 9.1 - Find p such that u, v, w in Prob. 23 and p are in...Ch. 9.1 - Unit vector. Find the unit vector in the direction...Ch. 9.1 - Restricted resultant. Find all v such that the...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 30P Ch. 9.1 - For what k is the resultant of [2, 0, −7], [1, 2,...Ch. 9.1 - If |p| = 6 and |q| = 4, what can you say about the...Ch. 9.1 - Same question as in Prob. 32 if |p| = 9, |q| = 6,...Ch. 9.1 - Relative velocity. If airplanes A and B are moving...Ch. 9.1 - Same question as in Prob. 34 for two ships moving...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 36P Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 37P Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, −3, 5], b = [4, 0, 8], c = [−2, 9, 1]....Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, −3, 5], b = [4, 0, 8], c = [−2, 9, 1]....Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, −3, 5], b = [4, 0, 8], c = [−2, 9, 1]....Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, −3, 5], b = [4, 0, 8], c = [−2, 9, 1]....Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, −3, 5], b = [4, 0, 8], c = [−2, 9, 1]....Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, −3, 5], b = [4, 0, 8], c = [−2, 9, 1]....Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, −3, 5], b = [4, 0, 8], c = [−2, 9, 1]....Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 8P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 9P Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, −3, 5], b = [4, 0, 8], c = [−2, 9, 1]....Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 11P Ch. 9.2 - What does u • v = u • w imply if u = 0? If u ≠...Ch. 9.2 - Prove the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. Ch. 9.2 - Verify the Cauchy–Schwarz and triangle...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 15P Ch. 9.2 - Triangle inequality. Prove Eq. (7). Hint. Use Eq....Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 17P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 18P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 19P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 20P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 21P Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, 1, 0], b = [3, 2, 1], and c = [1, 0,...Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, 1, 0], b = [3, 2, 1], and c = [1, 0,...Ch. 9.2 - Let a = [1, 1, 0], b = [3, 2, 1], and c = [1, 0,...Ch. 9.2 - What will happen to the angle in Prob. 24 if we...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 26P Ch. 9.2 - Addition law. cos (α − β) = cos α cos β + sin α...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 28P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 29P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 30P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 31P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 32P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 33P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 34P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 35P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 36P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 37P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 38P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 39P Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 40P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 2P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 3P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 4P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 8P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 9P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 11P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 12P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 13P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 14P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 15P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 16P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 17P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 18P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 19P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 20P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 21P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 22P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 23P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 25P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 26P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 27P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 28P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 29P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 30P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 31P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 32P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 33P Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 34P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 2P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 3P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 4P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 5P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 6P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 10P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 11P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 12P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 13P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 14P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 15P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 16P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 17P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 18P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 19P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 20P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 22P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 23P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 24P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 2P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 3P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 4P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 5P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 6P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 8P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 10P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 11P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 12P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 13P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 14P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 15P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 16P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 17P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 18P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 19P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 20P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 21P Ch. 9.5 - r(t) = [10 cos t, 1, 10 sin t], P: (6, 1, 8)Ch. 9.5 - r(t) = [cos t, sin t, 9t], P: (1, 0, 18)Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 27P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 29P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 30P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 31P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 32P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 33P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 34P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 35P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 36P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 37P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 38P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 43P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 44P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 45P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 46P Ch. 9.5 - CURVATURE AND TORSION 47. Circle. Show that a...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 48P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 49P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 50P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 51P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 52P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 53P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 54P Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 55P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 1P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 2P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 3P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 4P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 5P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 6P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 7P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 8P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 9P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 10P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 11P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 12P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 13P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 14P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 15P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 16P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 17P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 18P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 19P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 20P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 21P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 22P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 23P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 24P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 25P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 26P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 28P Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 29P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 1P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 2P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 3P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 4P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 5P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 6P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 7P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 8P Ch. 9.8 - CAS EXPERIMENT. Visualizing the Divergence. Graph...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 11P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 12P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 13P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 14P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 15P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 16P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 17P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 18P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 19P Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 20P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 1P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 2P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 3P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 4P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 5P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 6P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 7P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 8P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 9P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 10P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 11P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 12P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 13P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 15P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 16P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 17P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 18P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 19P Ch. 9.9 - Prob. 20P Ch. 9 - Prob. 1RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 2RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 3RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 4RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 5RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 6RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 7RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 8RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 9RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 11RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 12RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 13RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 14RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 15RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 16RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 17RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 18RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 19RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 20RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 21RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 22RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 23RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 24RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 25RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 26RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 27RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 28RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 29RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 30RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 31RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 32RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 33RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 34RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 35RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 36RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 37RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 38RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 39RQ Ch. 9 - Prob. 40RQ

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