Chapter 9, Problem 9.87QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structure for the carboxyl group has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Electron dot structure also known as Lewis dot structure represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

Resonance structures refers to different forms of a same molecule which has same chemical bonding between the atoms but different electron distribution among the atoms in the molecule.

Formal charge on an atom refers to the difference between number of valence electrons of each atom and the total number of electrons present in that atom.

It is calculated by an equation,

${\text{formal charge = e}}_{\text{v}}{\text{-e}}_{\text{n}}\text{-}\frac{{\text{e}}_{\text{b}}}{\text{2}}$

Where,

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{e}}_{\text{v}}\text{= no}\text{.of valence electrons}\\ {\text{e}}_{\text{b}}\text{= no}\text{.of bonding electrons}\\ {\text{e}}_{\text{n}}\text{= no}\text{.of unshared}\text{electrons}\end{array}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Resonance structures for the carboxylate group have to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Resonance structures refers to different forms of a same molecule which has same chemical bonding between the atoms but different electron distribution among the atoms in the molecule.