(a) Interpretation: Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible. Concept introduction: The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG 0 rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible. A proton transfer reaction is usually reversible.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.74P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible. A proton transfer reaction is usually reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

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Draw the stepwise mechanism (with arrow pushing)

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.74P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible. A proton transfer reaction is usually reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.74P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible. A proton transfer reaction is usually reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.74P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible. A proton transfer reaction is usually reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 9.74P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible. A proton transfer reaction is usually reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.74P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible. A proton transfer reaction is usually reversible.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.74P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible. A proton transfer reaction is usually reversible.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Considering the factor of charge stability, it is to be determined whether the given elementary step is reversible or irreversible.

Concept introduction:

The stability of charged species on both sides of a reaction decides if the products are more stable than the reactants or vice versa. A reaction is irreversible if it’s ΔG0rxn is negative i.e. if the products are much more stable than the reactants. Otherwise, the reaction tends to be reversible. In general, unstable reactants and stable products make the reaction irreversible. If the stability of reactants and products is comparable, then the reaction is said to be reversible.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.1P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.4P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.7P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.8P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.9P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that a proton transfer reaction is irreversible if the product is more stable than the reactants or vice versa.

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Chapter 9 Solutions