Chapter 9, Problem 9.27EX

(A)

To determine

Exchange of fixed assets: It refers to the purchase of new fixed assets in exchange of old fixed assets.

Commercial substance: It means that the exchange of the fixed asset cause changes in the future cash flows as more revenue will generate from the new fixed asset due to an increase in its productivity. Thus, if the revenue earned or expenses incurred changes in the future due to the exchange of fixed assets, then it will be referred as the exchange has a commercial substance.

To journalize: the current depreciation of the old equipment to the date of trade-in.

(B)

To determine

To journalize: the exchange transaction on July 1.