Tell whether reactions with the following values of Δ H and Δ S are spontaneous or nonspontaneous and whether they are exothermic or endothermic. (a) Δ H = − 4 8 kJ; Δ S = + 13 5 J/K at 400 K (b) Δ H = − 4 8 kJ; Δ S = − 13 5 J/K at 400 K (c) Δ H = + 4 8 kJ; Δ S = + 13 5 J/K at 400 K (d) Δ H = + 4 8 kJ; Δ S = − 13 5 J/K at 400 K
Tell whether reactions with the following values of Δ H and Δ S are spontaneous or nonspontaneous and whether they are exothermic or endothermic. (a) Δ H = − 4 8 kJ; Δ S = + 13 5 J/K at 400 K (b) Δ H = − 4 8 kJ; Δ S = − 13 5 J/K at 400 K (c) Δ H = + 4 8 kJ; Δ S = + 13 5 J/K at 400 K (d) Δ H = + 4 8 kJ; Δ S = − 13 5 J/K at 400 K
Solution Summary: The author explains the Gibb's free energy of a system, which indicates the energy that can be used to do work.
Tell whether reactions with the following values of
Δ
H
and
Δ
S
are spontaneous or nonspontaneous and whether they are exothermic or endothermic. (a)
Δ
H
=
−
4
8 kJ;
Δ
S
=
+
13
5 J/K at 400 K
(b)
Δ
H
=
−
4
8 kJ;
Δ
S
=
−
13
5 J/K at 400 K
(c)
Δ
H
=
+
4
8 kJ;
Δ
S
=
+
13
5 J/K at 400 K
(d)
Δ
H
=
+
4
8 kJ;
Δ
S
=
−
13
5 J/K at 400 K
12. Mark the correct statement about
reactions a and b :
a.
Br
+ -OH
Br
b.
+ Br
H₂O
+
Br
-OH
+
H₂O
A) The reactions are elimination
reactions, with reaction "a" being of type
E2 and reaction "b" being of type E1.
B) Reaction "a" is an E2 type elimination
occurring in one step and reaction "b" is
an SN1 type substitution.
C) Both reactions can result in the
formation of carbocation, but in reaction
"b" the most stable carbocation will be
formed.
D) Both reactions occur at the same rate
○ and have the same number of reaction
steps.
E) Reaction "b" is an E2 type elimination
occurring in two steps and reaction "a" is
an SN2 type substitution.
Chloroform, long used as an anesthetic and now considered carcinogenic, has a heat of vaporization of 31.4 kJ/mol. During vaporization, its entropy increases by 94.2 J/mol.K. Therefore, select the alternative that indicates the temperature, in degrees Celsius, at which chloroform begins to boil under a pressure of 1 atm.
A) 28
B) 40
C) 52
D) 60
E) 72
If we assume a system with an anodic overpotential, the variation of n as a function
of current density:
1. at low fields is linear 2. at higher fields, it follows Tafel's law
Obtain the range of current densities for which the overpotential has the same value
when calculated for 1 and 2 cases (maximum relative difference of 5% compared to
the behavior for higher fields).
To which overpotential range does this correspond?
Data: i = 1.5 mA cm², T = 300°C, B = 0.64, R = 8.314 J K1 mol-1 and F = 96485 C mol-1.
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