A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes. Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

What would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 3 2. n-BuLi • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

Identify the missing organic reactants in the following reaction: X + Y H+ two steps Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H2O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic reactants X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х :

Draw the mechanism of friedel-crafts acylation using acetyl chloride of m-Xylene

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 78CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for each of the two lowest energy conformations of pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projection: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A wedge and dash structure for conformer of 3-heptyne that is analogous to anti-anti pentane has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Wedge and dash projections: In this notation two bonds are drawn in the plane of the page (sticks), one bond is drawn coming toward observer, out of the page (wedged), and one bond is drawing going away from the observer, behind the page (dashed).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the eclipsed nature of the low energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Newman projection that illustrates the difference between the lowest energy conformation of 3-heptyne has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Conformations: Rotation about C-C single bonds allows a compound to adopt a variety of possible three-dimensional shapes.

Newman projections: The new conformations of compounds can be drawn and analyzed by Newman projections. A Newman projection visualizes different conformations of Carbon-carbon chemical bond from front to back with the front carbon represented as a black dot and the back carbon represented as a circle.

The angle between two hydrogens of a Newman projection is called as dihedral angle or torsional angle. This dihedral angle changes as the C-C bond rotates. Two conformations with special attentions are staggered and eclipsed conformation. Staggered conformation is the lowest in energy and the eclipsed conformation is the highest in energy.

For example,

Anti-conformation: The conformation with a dihedral angle of 180∘ is called anti-conformation.

The two methyl groups achieve maximum separation from each other. In other, methyl groups are closer to each other; their electron clouds are repelling each other, causing an increase in energy. This unfavorable interaction is called gauche interaction.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 17

Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2PTS Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 9.2 - (+)-Citronella is the main compound responsible...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 8CC

Concept explainers

Videos

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 9 Solutions