(a)
The amount of mass that would Comet Halley loses in a year.
(a)
Answer to Problem 39QAP
The amount of mass that would Comet Halley loses in a year is
Explanation of Solution
Write the expression for mass lost in a year.
Here,
Conclusion:
Calculate the mass lost per second by comet.
Calculate the number of seconds in a year.
Substitute
Thus, the amount of mass that would Comet Halley loses in a year is
(b)
The fraction of mass lost to the total mass.
(b)
Answer to Problem 39QAP
The fraction of mass lost to the total mass is
Explanation of Solution
Write the expression for percentage of mass lost.
Here,
Conclusion:
Substitute
Thus, the fraction of mass lost to the total mass is
(c)
The number of trips Comet Halley would make before complete destruction.
(c)
Answer to Problem 39QAP
The number of trips Comet Halley would make before complete destruction is
Explanation of Solution
The time taken by Halley for one trip is
Write the expression for number of trips.
Here,
Conclusion:
Substitute
Thus, the number of trips Comet Halley would make before complete destruction is
(d)
The time taken by Comet Halley for complete destruction.
(d)
Answer to Problem 39QAP
The time taken by Comet Halley for complete destruction is
Explanation of Solution
Conclusion:
The time taken by Halley for one trip is
The number of trips that Comet Halley would make before complete destruction is
Calculate the number of years Comet Halley would survive.
Thus, the time taken by Comet Halley for complete destruction is
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
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- On February 7, 1999, NASA launched a spacecraft with the ambitious mission of making a close encounter with a comet, collecting samples from its tail, and returning the samples to Earth for analysis. This spacecraft, appropriately named Stardust, took almost five years to rendezvous with its objective-comet Wild 2 (pronounced "Vilt 2")-and another two years to return its samples. The reason for the long round trip is that the spacecraft had to make three orbits around the Sun, and also an Earth Gravity Assist (EGA) flyby, to increase its speed enough to put it in an orbit appropriate for the encounter.When Stardust finally reached comet Wild 2 on January 2, 2004, it flew within 147 miles of the comet's nucleus, snapping pictures and collecting tiny specks of dust in the glistening coma. The approach speed between the spacecraft and the comet at the encounter was a relatively "slow" 6200 m/s, so that dust particles could be collected safely without destroying the vehicle. Note that…arrow_forwardComet Halley has a semi-major axis of 17.7 AU. (The AU, or Astronomical Unit, is the distance from the Sun to the Earth. 1 AU = 1.50x1011 m.) The eccentricity of Comet Halley is 0.967. a. How far is Comet Halley from the sun at Aphelion, the farthest position from the sun? (Give your answer in AU.)? b. What is comet Halley's orbital time? (Give your answer in years.) Note: Using Kepler's third law in the form: P2 = a3 is convenient. This equation works for any object orbiting the sun when the orbital period is in years and the semi major axis is in AU. The reason this works is because this equation is normalized to earth. The AU and year are both 1 for Earth. c. In what year will Comet Halley start to move back toward the sun?arrow_forwardThe Mars Robotic Lander for which we are making these calculations is designed to return samples of rock from Mars after a long time of collecting samples, exploring the area around the landing site, and making chemical analyses of rocks and dust in the landing area. One synodic period is required for Earth to be in the same place relative to mars as when it landed. Calculate the synodic period (in years) using the following formula: 1/Psyn = (1/PEarth) - (1/PMars) where PEarth is the sidereal period of the Earth (1 year) and PMars is the sidereal period of Mars. If 3/4 of a Martian year was spent collecting samples and exploring the terrain around the landing site, calculate how long the Mars Robotic Lander expedition took!arrow_forward
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