Understanding Our Universe
Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 9, Problem 39QAP

(a)

To determine

The amount of mass that would Comet Halley loses in a year.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 39QAP

The amount of mass that would Comet Halley loses in a year is 9.46×1011kg .

Explanation of Solution

Write the expression for mass lost in a year.

ΔM=Δmt        (I)

Here, Δm is mass lost by comet per second, t is number of seconds in a year and ΔM is total mass lost in a year.

Conclusion:

Calculate the mass lost per second by comet.

Δm=20,000kg/s+10,000kg/s=30,000kg/s

Calculate the number of seconds in a year.

t=(1y)(365days1y)(24h1day)(3600s1h)=31536000s

Substitute 30,000kg/s for Δm and 31536000s for t in equation (1).

ΔM=(30,000kg/s)(31536000s)=9.46×1011kg

Thus, the amount of mass that would Comet Halley loses in a year is 9.46×1011kg .

(b)

To determine

The fraction of mass lost to the total mass.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 39QAP

The fraction of mass lost to the total mass is 0.43% .

Explanation of Solution

Write the expression for percentage of mass lost.

P=(ΔMM×100)%        (II)

Here, M is the total mass of Halley.

Conclusion:

Substitute 9.46×1011kg for ΔM and 2.20×1014kg for M in equation (II).

P=(9.46×1011kg2.20×1014kg×100)%=0.43%

Thus, the fraction of mass lost to the total mass is 0.43% .

(c)

To determine

The number of trips Comet Halley would make before complete destruction.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 39QAP

The number of trips Comet Halley would make before complete destruction is 3 .

Explanation of Solution

The time taken by Halley for one trip is 76years .

Write the expression for number of trips.

n=MT×ΔM        (III)

Here, T is the time period of Halley and n is the number of trips.

Conclusion:

Substitute 76years for T , 9.46×1011kg/year for ΔM and 2.20×1014kg for M in equation (III).

n=2.20×1014kg(76years)(9.46×1011kg/year)=3.05993

Thus, the number of trips Comet Halley would make before complete destruction is 3 .

(d)

To determine

The time taken by Comet Halley for complete destruction.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 39QAP

The time taken by Comet Halley for complete destruction is 232.5524years .

Explanation of Solution

Conclusion:

The time taken by Halley for one trip is 76years .

The number of trips that Comet Halley would make before complete destruction is 3.0599 .

Calculate the number of years Comet Halley would survive.

t=n×T=(3.0599)(76years)=232.5524years

Thus, the time taken by Comet Halley for complete destruction is 232.5524years .

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