Human Biology Custom Edition
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337631532
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 2SQ
Complement proteins function in defense by _______.
- a. neutralizing toxins
- b. enhancing resident bacteria
- c. promoting inflammation
- d. forming pores that cause pathogens to disintegrate
- e. both a and b
- f. both c and d
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A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic reactions during complement activation.
a. regulator of complement activation
b. convertase
c. complement control protein module
d. zymogen
e. opsonin.
All of the following are true of some or all complement proteins except _____.
a. they are soluble and bind to pathogen surfaces
b. they participate only in innate immunity
c. they are present in extracellular fluids, blood, and lymph
d. they facilitate the phagocytosis of pathogens
e. they are made as zymogens.
The primary role of complement control proteins that operate in the early stages of complement activation is to _____.
a. regulate the expression of complement proteins
b. ensure that the components of the membrane-attack complex assemble in the correct sequence
c. facilitate the secretion of complement proteins to extracellular locations
d. stabilize complement proteins, thus extending their half-lives in serum
e. ensure that C3b is deposited on appropriate surfaces.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Human Biology Custom Edition
Ch. 9 - Prob. 1RQCh. 9 - Distinguish between a. neutrophil and macrophage...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between innate immunity and...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between an allergy and an...Ch. 9 - ______ are barriers to pathogens at body surfaces....Ch. 9 - Complement proteins function in defense by...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3SQCh. 9 - Prob. 4SQCh. 9 - Antibody-mediated responses work best against...Ch. 9 - Cell-mediated responses work best against...
Ch. 9 - The most common antigens are __________. a....Ch. 9 - The ability to develop a secondary immune response...Ch. 9 - Tears are part of the bodys defensive arsenal....Ch. 9 - Match the immunity concepts: __________...Ch. 9 - New research suggests a link between some microbes...Ch. 9 - Given what you now know about how foreign invaders...Ch. 9 - Researchers have been trying to develop a way to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4CTCh. 9 - Prob. 5CT
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- All of the following are involved in the alternative pathway of complement activation except _____. a. factor B b. factor D c. factor P (properdin) d. C4 e. C5.arrow_forwardEnhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of aspecific protein is called ________.a. endocytosisb. opsonizationc. anaphylaxisd. complement activationarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not accurately describe complement components? A. made by the spleen B. located in extracellular spaces C. some function as proteases once activated D. activated by a cascade of enzymatic reactions. E. soluble proteinsarrow_forward
- Match the barrier defense organ with its defense mechanisms A. vagina B. trachea and bronchi C. skin D. stomach E. mouth select A B C D E 1. villi pushing material outward select A B C D E 2. igA dimers in the saliva select A B C D E 3. low pH, antibodies, and secretions select A B C D E 4. keratinized epithelium and sweat glands select A B C D E 5. extremely low pH and digestive enzymesarrow_forwardMATCH THE CORRECT WORDS TO THE DEFINITION A. spontaneous hydrolysis B. Random Generation C. C3 convertase D. membrane-attack complex E. Classical and lectin F. Antigen-antibody immune complex G. Microbial carbohydrates H. Decay-accelerating Factor (DAF) I. Short half-life J. Factor Iarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system? Select one: a. Lysis of bacteria and other foreign cells b. Repair of damaged tissue c. Increased phagocytosis by phagocytic cells (opsonization) d. Attraction and activation of leukocytesarrow_forward
- Which of the following participates in an immediate rather than an induced innate immune response to infection in a human host? (Select all that apply.) a. scavenger receptors b. commensal microorganisms c. dectin-1 d. alternative pathway of complement activation e. MyD88 f. CXCL8 g. defensins h. NOD1 and NOD2 i. lectin pathway of complement activation.arrow_forwardThe major inflammatory mediator released by degranulating mast cells in type I hypersensitivity is a. immunoglobulin b. complement c. histamine d. interleukin e. prostaglandinarrow_forwardWhich of these events is not a part of the second line of defense? You may have more than one correct answer. development of a fever В. diapedesis C. edema formation D. synthesis of interferon E. complement activation F. antibody productionarrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface. b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces. c. They exert toxic effects directly. d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis. e. They activate complement fixation.arrow_forwardMicrobial products trigger macrophage activation. Match the receptor with the product that it binds. ✓ TLR-4 ✓ TLR-3 ✓ TLR-9 TLR-5 A. Unmethylated DNA B. Double-stranded RNA C. LPS D. Flagellaarrow_forwardThe reason why therapeutic anti-IgE is able to suppress allergic responses is that _____. a. anti-IgE stimulates endocytosis of IgE from the surface of mast cells, removing its availability to antigen b. anti-IgE changes the conformation of IgE so that it can bind only to FcεRII c. when IgE is bound to anti-IgE, its FcεRI binding domain is masked d. anti-IgE induces cleavage of FcεR1 from the cell surface but only if FcεRI is occupied by IgE.arrow_forward
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