Chapter 9, Problem 2BP

a)

To determine

Prepare a complete depreciation schedule, beginning with 2013, under

1. 1) Straight line
2. 2) 200 percent declining balance
3. 3) 150 percent declining balance, (not switching to straight line)

Explanation of Solution

1. Straight-line Depreciation: Under the straight-line method of depreciation, the same amount of depreciation is allocated every year over the estimated useful life of an asset. The formula to calculate the depreciation cost of the asset using the residual value is shown as below:

$\text{Depreciation cost = }\frac{\left(\text{Cost of the asset}-\text{Residual value}\right)}{\text{Estimated useful life of the asset}}$

Prepare a complete depreciation table under Straight line method.

Year	Computation	Depreciation Expense	Accumulated Depreciation	Book Value
2013	$\$170,000\times (1÷5\text{year)}\times \frac{1}{2}$	$17,000	$17,000	$163,000
2014	$\$170,000\times (1÷5\text{year)}$	34,000	51,000	129,000
2015	$\$170,000\times (1÷5\text{year)}$	34,000	85,000	95,000
2016	$\$170,000\times (1÷5\text{year)}$	34,000	119,000	61,000
2017	$\$170,000\times (1÷5\text{year)}$	34,000	153,000	27,000
2018	$\$170,000\times (1÷5\text{year)}\times \frac{1}{2}$	17,000	170,000	10,000

Table (1)

Working Notes:

Calculate the depreciable cost of the equipment, if cost of the equipment is $180,000 and the residual value of the equipment is $10,000.

Therefore, the depreciable cost of the equipment is $170,000$\left(\$180,000-\$10,000\right)$.

(1)

2. 200 percent declining balance method (Accelerated method): In this method of depreciation, the diminishing value of the asset is taken into consideration for determining the depreciation for the succeeding years.

$\text{200 percent declining-balance = }\left(\text{Cost of the asset}\right)\times \frac{200\%}{\text{Useful Life}}$

Depreciation rate for 200 percent declining balance method:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Depreciation rate for 200 percent declining-balance = }\frac{200\%}{\text{Useful Life}}\\ =\frac{200\%}{5\text{years}}\\ =40\%\end{array}$

Prepare a complete depreciation table under 200 percent declining balance method:

Year	Computation	Depreciation Expense	Accumulated Depreciation	Book Value
2013	$180,000 $\times$ 40% $\times$$\frac{1}{2}$	$36,000	$36,000	$144,000
2014	144,000 $\times$40%	57,600	93,600	86,400
2015	86,400 $\times$40%	34,560	128,160	51,840
2016	51,840 $\times$40%	20,736	148,896	31,104
2017	31,104 $\times$40%	12,442	161,338	18,662
2018	18,662 – 10,000	8,662	170,000	10,000

Table (2)

3. 150 percent declining balance method (Accelerated method): In this method of depreciation, the diminishing value of the asset is taken into consideration for determining the depreciation for the succeeding years.

$\text{150\% declining-balance = }\left(\text{Cost }-\text{Accumulated Depreciation}\right)\times \frac{150\%}{\text{Useful Life}}$

Depreciation rate for 150 percent declining balance method:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Depreciation rate for 150 percent declining-balance = }\frac{150\%}{\text{Useful Life}}\\ =\frac{150\%}{5\text{years}}\\ =30\%\end{array}$

Prepare a complete depreciation table under 150 percent declining balance method:

Year	Computation	Depreciation Expense	Accumulated Depreciation	Book Value
2013	$180,000 $\times$30% $\times$$\frac{1}{2}$	$27,000	$27,000	$153,000
2014	153,000 $\times$30%	45,900	72,900	107,100
2015	107,100 $\times$30%	32,130	105,030	74,970
2016	74,970 $\times$30%	22,491	127,521	52,479
2017	52,479$\times$ 30%	15,744	143,265	36,735
2018	36,735 – 10,000	26,735	170,000	10,000

Table (3)

b)

To determine

Identify the depreciation method that is most common for financial reporting purposes and explain.

Explanation of Solution

Straight line depreciation method is the most common depreciation method used for financial reporting. The main reason is that the amount of depreciation expense under straight-line method reported is very less in the initial years as compared to other depreciation methods.

c)

To determine

Compute the gain or loss from the sale of machine under each of the depreciation methods used in requirement (a), and explain whether that gain or loss reported in the company’s income statement has any direct cash effect.

Explanation of Solution

Disposal of Assets: Disposal is an activity of selling the worn-out assets that is no longer in need for the business, in return of some consideration.

Compute the gain or loss from the sale of machine under the straight line method.

Cash proceeds	$58,000
Book value at December 31, 2016	(61,000)
Loss on disposal	$(3,000)

Table (4)

Compute the gain or loss from the sale of machine under the 200 percent declining balance method.

Cash proceeds	$58,000
Book value at December 31, 2016	(31,104)
Gain on disposal	$26,896

Table (5)

Compute the gain or loss from the sale of machine under the 150 percent declining balance method.

Cash proceeds	$58,000
Book value at December 31, 2016	(52,479)
Loss on disposal	$(5,521)

Table (6)

In the income statement, there is no direct cash effect due to the gain or loss of sale of the machine. But, the sale proceeds of the machine ($58,000) is has a direct cash effect on the income statement.