ESSENTIAL ENVIRONMENT
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134838885
Author: WITHGOTT
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 9, Problem 1TYC
To determine
The two reasons that why biodiversity is more in natural primary forest than even aged, single-species forestry.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1TYC
The more plentiful amount of biodiversity in natural primary forests is due to the diversity of habitat and food sources in those forests versus single-species forestry plantations (offering one type of plant habitat and food source).
Explanation of Solution
Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms which comes from all sources that include terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystem and all the species on Earth together form an ecological system where they live, reproduce and evolve new species.
The two reasons for more biodiversity in primary natural forest contain more biodiversity than even aged, single species are described below:
(i) The diversity of habitat and food sources is the main reason for biodiversity richness in natural primary forest. The primary natural forest contains the old age trees that show human never cuts or exploits the forest or did not disturb the ecology of primary forest. The secondary forest or even aged single species forest contains less diversity because the secondary forest is more exploited by humans due to which the biodiversity of secondary forest is less as compared to the primary forest.
(ii) The biodiversity in primary forest is vast and diverse. After the natural calamities, the growth of pioneer species helps in re-maintaining the ecological diversity of primary forest. While in even aged or single species forestry contain single species and the loss of single species due to natural calamities could not help in re-maintaining the ecological diversity.
So, due to the presence of old age trees, the primary forest maintain their structural and natural resources that help in the survival of many species. Thus, the ecosystem or biodiversity in natural primary forest is more than the secondary forest.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Please solve the question by hand with a detailed explanation of the steps.
Please provide a handwritten solution to the question
A group of 23 power transistors, dissipating 2 W each, are to be cooled by attaching them to a black-anodized square aluminum plate and mounting the plate on the wall of a room at 30°C. The emissivity of the transistor and the plate surfaces is 0.9. Assuming the heat transfer from the back side of the plate to be negligible and the temperature of the surrounding surfaces to be the same as the air temperature of the room, determine the length of the square plate if the average surface temperature of the plate is not to exceed 50°C. Start the iteration process with an initial guess of the size of the plate as 43 cm.
The properties of air at 1 atm and the film temperature of (Ts + T)/2 = (50 + 30)/2 = 40°C are k = 0.02662 W/m·°C, ν = 1.702 × 10–5 m2 /s, Pr = 0.7255, and β = 0.003195 K–1.
Multiple Choice
0.473 m
0.284 m
0.513 m
0.671 m
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- A 40-cm-diameter, 127-cm-high cylindrical hot water tank is located in the bathroom of a house maintained at 20°C. The surface temperature of the tank is measured to be 44°C and its emissivity is 0.4. Taking the surrounding surface temperature to be also 20°C, determine the rate of heat loss from all surfaces of the tank by natural convection and radiation. The properties of air at 32°C are k=0.02603 W/m-K, v=1.627 x 10-5 m²/s, Pr = 0.7276, and ẞ = 0.003279 K-1 The rate of heat loss from all surfaces of the tank by natural convection is The rate of heat loss from all surfaces of the tank by radiation is W. W.arrow_forwardA 2.5-m-long thin vertical plate is subjected to uniform heat flux on one side, while the other side is exposed to cool air at 5°C. The plate surface has an emissivity of 0.73, and its midpoint temperature is 55°C. Determine the heat flux subjected on the plate surface. Uniform heat flux -Plate, € = 0.73 Cool air 5°C 7 TSUIT Given: The properties of water at Tf,c= 30°C. k=0.02588 W/m.K, v=1.608 x 10-5 m²/s Pr = 0.7282 The heat flux subjected on the plate surface is W/m²arrow_forwardHot water is flowing at an average velocity of 5.82 ft/s through a cast iron pipe (k=30 Btu/h-ft-°F) whose inner and outer diameters are 1.0 in and 1.2 in, respectively. The pipe passes through a 50-ft-long section of a basement whose temperature is 60°F. The emissivity of the outer surface of the pipe is 0.5, and the walls of the basement are also at about 60°F. If the inlet temperature of the water is 150°F and the heat transfer coefficient on the inner surface of the pipe is 30 Btu/h-ft².°F, determine the temperature drop of water as it passes through the basement. Evaluate air properties at a film temperature of 105°C and 1 atm pressure. The properties of air at 1 atm and the film temperature of (Ts+ T∞)/2 = (150+60)/2 = 105°F are k=0.01541 Btu/h-ft-°F. v=0.1838 × 10-3 ft2/s, Pr = 0.7253, and ẞ = 0.00177R-1arrow_forward
- hand-written solutions only, please. correct answers upvoted!arrow_forwardhand-written solutions only, please. correct answers upvoted!arrow_forwardComplete the JavaScript function addPixels () to calculate the sum of pixelAmount and the given element's cssProperty value, and return the new "px" value. Ex: If helloElem's width is 150px, then calling addPixels (hello Elem, "width", 50) should return 150px + 50px = "200px". SHOW EXPECTED HTML JavaScript 1 function addPixels (element, cssProperty, pixelAmount) { 2 3 /* Your solution goes here *1 4 } 5 6 const helloElem = document.querySelector("# helloMessage"); 7 const newVal = addPixels (helloElem, "width", 50); 8 helloElem.style.setProperty("width", newVal); [arrow_forward
- ! Required information Consider a flat-plate solar collector placed horizontally on the flat roof of a house. The collector is 1.3 m wide and 2.8 m long, and the average temperature of the exposed surface of the collector is 42°C. The properties of air at 1 atm and the film temperature are k=0.02551 W/m-°C, v = 1.562 × 10-5 m²/s, Pr = 0.7286, and ẞ= 0.003356 K-1 Determine the rate of heat loss from the collector by natural convection during a calm day when the ambient air temperature is 8°C. The rate of heat loss from the collector by natural convection is W.arrow_forwardhand-written solutions only, please. correct answers upvoted!arrow_forwardAn electric resistance space heater is designed such that it resembles a rectangular box 55 cm high, 75 cm long, and 20 cm wide filled with 45 kg of oil. The heater is to be placed against a wall, and thus heat transfer from its back surface is negligible. The surface temperature of the heater is not to exceed 75°C in a room at 25°C for safety considerations. The emissivity of the outer surface of the heater is 0.8 and the average temperature of the ceiling and wall surfaces is the same as the room air temperature. The properties of air at 1 atm and the film temperature are: k = 0.02753 W/m-°C, v=1.798 x 10-5 m²/s, Pr = 0.7228, and ẞ= 0.003096K-1 Wall T₁ =75°C Oil € = 0.8 Electric heater Heating element Disregarding heat transfer from the bottom and top surfaces of the heater in anticipation that the top surface will be used as a shelf, determine the power rating of the heater in W. The power rating of the heater is W.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
MATLAB: An Introduction with ApplicationsEngineeringISBN:9781119256830Author:Amos GilatPublisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Essentials Of Materials Science And EngineeringEngineeringISBN:9781337385497Author:WRIGHT, Wendelin J.Publisher:Cengage,
Industrial Motor ControlEngineeringISBN:9781133691808Author:Stephen HermanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Basics Of Engineering EconomyEngineeringISBN:9780073376356Author:Leland Blank, Anthony TarquinPublisher:MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
Structural Steel Design (6th Edition)EngineeringISBN:9780134589657Author:Jack C. McCormac, Stephen F. CsernakPublisher:PEARSON
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering...EngineeringISBN:9781119175483Author:William D. Callister Jr., David G. RethwischPublisher:WILEY
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Engineering
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Essentials Of Materials Science And Engineering
Engineering
ISBN:9781337385497
Author:WRIGHT, Wendelin J.
Publisher:Cengage,
Industrial Motor Control
Engineering
ISBN:9781133691808
Author:Stephen Herman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Basics Of Engineering Economy
Engineering
ISBN:9780073376356
Author:Leland Blank, Anthony Tarquin
Publisher:MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
Structural Steel Design (6th Edition)
Engineering
ISBN:9780134589657
Author:Jack C. McCormac, Stephen F. Csernak
Publisher:PEARSON
Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering...
Engineering
ISBN:9781119175483
Author:William D. Callister Jr., David G. Rethwisch
Publisher:WILEY