Concept explainers
Introduction: Cells respond to the changing environment, such as light, water, nutrient that causes some change in cell. These cellular changes enable a cell to adapt with respect to the changing environment.

Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: An agent that allows a cell to respond to changes in its environment is known as a signal. Hence, the correct answer is an option d.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
The biological system such as a cell responds to changes in the environment with the help of a signal. Cell signaling involves many stepwise changes in the cell, such as activation of receptor, signal transduction, and a response by the cell. Therefore, a signal is an agent, which helps various cell processes to cope with the environmental changes.
Option (d) is given as “a signal”.
A signal is an agent that help cells to respond to changes in the environment. Hence, option d. is correct.
Reasons for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “a cell surface receptor”.
Cell surface receptors are present on the cell membrane and it binds to the specific molecules. Therefore, cell surface receptors are involved in cellular signaling process. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option b. is given as, “an intracellular receptor”.
The receptors that are present inside the cell are known as intracellular receptor. They are involved in cellular signaling process. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “a structural protein”.
Cell membrane contains structural proteins and it confer a particular shape to the cell. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option e. is given as, “apoptosis”.
The programmed cell death is termed as apoptosis. It is a part of cell signaling, but this process does not signal a cellular response. Hence, option e. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., b., c., and e. are incorrect.
A cell responds to changes in the environment through an agent known as “signal”.
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