Chapter 9, Problem 1SQ

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

There are a variety of living organisms that are present in the environment. Most of the organism contains a nucleus in which the genetic material is stored. The genetic material plays a very crucial role in the functions of the organism. A chromosome is a part of genetic material that contains genes. It is present in the nucleus.

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer:

The regions of a chromosome that contains gene are transcribed into $\underset{\_}{RNAs}$. Hence, the correct answer is option c.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct answer:

Option c. is given as “$\text{RNAs}$.”

$\text{DNA}$ stands for “Deoxyribonucleic acid.” The eukaryotic organisms contain $\text{DNA}$ as their genetic material. The part of $\text{DNA}$ that has genes is called chromosomes. The process of converting the $\text{DNA}$ strand into $\text{RNA}$ is termed as transcription. These $\text{RNA}$ molecules then undergo a process called translation to form the proteins. Therefore, the genes present in the chromosome are transcribed into $\text{RNA}$ to produce proteins.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as, “proteins.”

The process of producing proteins from the genes present in the chromosomes is called translation. The genes are translated into proteins. However, transcription does not include the conversion of genes into proteins. Hence, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as, “polypeptides.”

The units that join amino acids together to form protein molecules are called polypeptides. This type of conversion is not observed during transcription proteins. However, the process of formation of polypeptides from genes is called translation and not transcription. Hence, option b. is incorrect.

Option d. is given as, “a and b.”

The genes present in the chromosome are transcribed into $\text{RNA}$ to produce proteins. Hence, option d. is incorrect.

Hence, the options a., b., and d. are incorrect.

Conclusion

The genes present on the chromosomes are transcribed into $\text{RNAs}$ by the process called transcription. Thus, the correct option is c.