a. Master Control Reset (MCR) instructions: The MCR instruction is used to clear all set outputs within the fenced zone. In other words, it turns off all the non-retentive outputs in the fenced zone. Non-retentive outputs cannot retain their memory when they are de-energized. The MCR instruction within the zone are still scanned, but the scan time is reduced due to the false state of non-retentive outputs.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1RQ

Program Plan Intro

a.

Master Control Reset (MCR) instructions:

The MCR instruction is used to clear all set outputs within the fenced zone.

In other words, it turns off all the non-retentive outputs in the fenced zone.

Non-retentive outputs cannot retain their memory when they are de-energized.

The MCR instruction within the zone are still scanned, but the scan time is reduced due to the false state of non-retentive outputs.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Programming procedure:

In order to control a program section, two MCR output instructions are programmed.
The fenced zone which needs to be controlled begins with one MCR instruction and the other MCR instruction at the end.
An MCR rung with conditional inputs is placed at the beginning of the program section to be controlled.
An MCR rung with no conditional inputs is placed at the end of the program section to be controlled.
If the first MCR instruction becomes true, then all the outputs present in between the two MCR instructions will act according to the logic.
If the MCR instruction becomes false, then all the non-retentive outputs will be de-energized and all the retentive outputs will retain their previous state.

Explanation of Solution

b.

False-to-true transition:

When the MCR instruction makes a false-to-true transition, all rung outputs within the program section will be controlled by their respective input conditions.

Initially, when the MCR instruction in the rung is false, all the rungs within the zone are made inactive and de-energizes all non-retentive outputs.

Hence, all retentive devices such as latches will remain in their previous state.

Explanation of Solution

c.

True-to-false transition:

When the MCR instruction makes a true-to-false transition, all non-retentive outputs within the program section will be de-energized.

At the same time, all the retentive outputs within the fenced zone will remain in their previous state.

Initially, when the MCR instruction in the rung is true, all the rungs within the zone are scanned and the outputs are energized and updated based on their logic.

When the MCR instruction undergoes a transition from true-to-false, the scan ignores the input and de-energizes all the non-retentive outputs.

Hence, all the retentive devices like latches, timers will remain in their previous state.

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Computer Science A circuit for two output ports (A&C) of the AVR ATmega16 microcontroller each connected to 8 LEDs. Write a program to control the LEDs in a sequence shown by stepping to lit on the LED sequentially as in the figure by toggling the LED at the same time for both ports (500mS) ending at the last state of the figure and looping back inversely to the start. This s done for 3 times back and forth.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1RQ

Program Plan Intro

a.

Master Control Reset (MCR) instructions:

The MCR instruction is used to clear all set outputs within the fenced zone.

In other words, it turns off all the non-retentive outputs in the fenced zone.

Non-retentive outputs cannot retain their memory when they are de-energized.

The MCR instruction within the zone are still scanned, but the scan time is reduced due to the false state of non-retentive outputs.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Programming procedure:

In order to control a program section, two MCR output instructions are programmed.
The fenced zone which needs to be controlled begins with one MCR instruction and the other MCR instruction at the end.
An MCR rung with conditional inputs is placed at the beginning of the program section to be controlled.
An MCR rung with no conditional inputs is placed at the end of the program section to be controlled.
If the first MCR instruction becomes true, then all the outputs present in between the two MCR instructions will act according to the logic.
If the MCR instruction becomes false, then all the non-retentive outputs will be de-energized and all the retentive outputs will retain their previous state.

Explanation of Solution

b.

False-to-true transition:

When the MCR instruction makes a false-to-true transition, all rung outputs within the program section will be controlled by their respective input conditions.

Initially, when the MCR instruction in the rung is false, all the rungs within the zone are made inactive and de-energizes all non-retentive outputs.

Hence, all retentive devices such as latches will remain in their previous state.

Explanation of Solution

c.

True-to-false transition:

When the MCR instruction makes a true-to-false transition, all non-retentive outputs within the program section will be de-energized.

At the same time, all the retentive outputs within the fenced zone will remain in their previous state.

Initially, when the MCR instruction in the rung is true, all the rungs within the zone are scanned and the outputs are energized and updated based on their logic.

When the MCR instruction undergoes a transition from true-to-false, the scan ignores the input and de-energizes all the non-retentive outputs.

Hence, all the retentive devices like latches, timers will remain in their previous state.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1RQ

Program Plan Intro

a.

Master Control Reset (MCR) instructions:

The MCR instruction is used to clear all set outputs within the fenced zone.

In other words, it turns off all the non-retentive outputs in the fenced zone.

Non-retentive outputs cannot retain their memory when they are de-energized.

The MCR instruction within the zone are still scanned, but the scan time is reduced due to the false state of non-retentive outputs.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Programming procedure:

In order to control a program section, two MCR output instructions are programmed.
The fenced zone which needs to be controlled begins with one MCR instruction and the other MCR instruction at the end.
An MCR rung with conditional inputs is placed at the beginning of the program section to be controlled.
An MCR rung with no conditional inputs is placed at the end of the program section to be controlled.
If the first MCR instruction becomes true, then all the outputs present in between the two MCR instructions will act according to the logic.
If the MCR instruction becomes false, then all the non-retentive outputs will be de-energized and all the retentive outputs will retain their previous state.

Explanation of Solution

b.

False-to-true transition:

When the MCR instruction makes a false-to-true transition, all rung outputs within the program section will be controlled by their respective input conditions.

Initially, when the MCR instruction in the rung is false, all the rungs within the zone are made inactive and de-energizes all non-retentive outputs.

Hence, all retentive devices such as latches will remain in their previous state.

Explanation of Solution

c.

True-to-false transition:

When the MCR instruction makes a true-to-false transition, all non-retentive outputs within the program section will be de-energized.

At the same time, all the retentive outputs within the fenced zone will remain in their previous state.

Initially, when the MCR instruction in the rung is true, all the rungs within the zone are scanned and the outputs are energized and updated based on their logic.

When the MCR instruction undergoes a transition from true-to-false, the scan ignores the input and de-energizes all the non-retentive outputs.

Hence, all the retentive devices like latches, timers will remain in their previous state.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1RQ

Program Plan Intro

a.

Master Control Reset (MCR) instructions:

The MCR instruction is used to clear all set outputs within the fenced zone.

In other words, it turns off all the non-retentive outputs in the fenced zone.

Non-retentive outputs cannot retain their memory when they are de-energized.

The MCR instruction within the zone are still scanned, but the scan time is reduced due to the false state of non-retentive outputs.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Programming procedure:

In order to control a program section, two MCR output instructions are programmed.
The fenced zone which needs to be controlled begins with one MCR instruction and the other MCR instruction at the end.
An MCR rung with conditional inputs is placed at the beginning of the program section to be controlled.
An MCR rung with no conditional inputs is placed at the end of the program section to be controlled.
If the first MCR instruction becomes true, then all the outputs present in between the two MCR instructions will act according to the logic.
If the MCR instruction becomes false, then all the non-retentive outputs will be de-energized and all the retentive outputs will retain their previous state.

Explanation of Solution

b.

False-to-true transition:

When the MCR instruction makes a false-to-true transition, all rung outputs within the program section will be controlled by their respective input conditions.

Initially, when the MCR instruction in the rung is false, all the rungs within the zone are made inactive and de-energizes all non-retentive outputs.

Hence, all retentive devices such as latches will remain in their previous state.

Explanation of Solution

c.

True-to-false transition:

When the MCR instruction makes a true-to-false transition, all non-retentive outputs within the program section will be de-energized.

At the same time, all the retentive outputs within the fenced zone will remain in their previous state.

Initially, when the MCR instruction in the rung is true, all the rungs within the zone are scanned and the outputs are energized and updated based on their logic.

When the MCR instruction undergoes a transition from true-to-false, the scan ignores the input and de-energizes all the non-retentive outputs.

Hence, all the retentive devices like latches, timers will remain in their previous state.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 1RQ

Program Plan Intro

a.

Master Control Reset (MCR) instructions:

The MCR instruction is used to clear all set outputs within the fenced zone.

In other words, it turns off all the non-retentive outputs in the fenced zone.

Non-retentive outputs cannot retain their memory when they are de-energized.

The MCR instruction within the zone are still scanned, but the scan time is reduced due to the false state of non-retentive outputs.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Programming procedure:

In order to control a program section, two MCR output instructions are programmed.
The fenced zone which needs to be controlled begins with one MCR instruction and the other MCR instruction at the end.
An MCR rung with conditional inputs is placed at the beginning of the program section to be controlled.
An MCR rung with no conditional inputs is placed at the end of the program section to be controlled.
If the first MCR instruction becomes true, then all the outputs present in between the two MCR instructions will act according to the logic.
If the MCR instruction becomes false, then all the non-retentive outputs will be de-energized and all the retentive outputs will retain their previous state.

Explanation of Solution

b.

False-to-true transition:

When the MCR instruction makes a false-to-true transition, all rung outputs within the program section will be controlled by their respective input conditions.

Initially, when the MCR instruction in the rung is false, all the rungs within the zone are made inactive and de-energizes all non-retentive outputs.

Hence, all retentive devices such as latches will remain in their previous state.

Explanation of Solution

c.

True-to-false transition:

When the MCR instruction makes a true-to-false transition, all non-retentive outputs within the program section will be de-energized.

At the same time, all the retentive outputs within the fenced zone will remain in their previous state.

Initially, when the MCR instruction in the rung is true, all the rungs within the zone are scanned and the outputs are energized and updated based on their logic.

When the MCR instruction undergoes a transition from true-to-false, the scan ignores the input and de-energizes all the non-retentive outputs.

Hence, all the retentive devices like latches, timers will remain in their previous state.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 1RQ

Program Plan Intro

a.

Master Control Reset (MCR) instructions:

The MCR instruction is used to clear all set outputs within the fenced zone.

In other words, it turns off all the non-retentive outputs in the fenced zone.

Non-retentive outputs cannot retain their memory when they are de-energized.

The MCR instruction within the zone are still scanned, but the scan time is reduced due to the false state of non-retentive outputs.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Programming procedure:

In order to control a program section, two MCR output instructions are programmed.
The fenced zone which needs to be controlled begins with one MCR instruction and the other MCR instruction at the end.
An MCR rung with conditional inputs is placed at the beginning of the program section to be controlled.
An MCR rung with no conditional inputs is placed at the end of the program section to be controlled.
If the first MCR instruction becomes true, then all the outputs present in between the two MCR instructions will act according to the logic.
If the MCR instruction becomes false, then all the non-retentive outputs will be de-energized and all the retentive outputs will retain their previous state.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 1RQ

Program Plan Intro

a.

Master Control Reset (MCR) instructions:

The MCR instruction is used to clear all set outputs within the fenced zone.

In other words, it turns off all the non-retentive outputs in the fenced zone.

Non-retentive outputs cannot retain their memory when they are de-energized.

The MCR instruction within the zone are still scanned, but the scan time is reduced due to the false state of non-retentive outputs.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Programming procedure:

In order to control a program section, two MCR output instructions are programmed.
The fenced zone which needs to be controlled begins with one MCR instruction and the other MCR instruction at the end.
An MCR rung with conditional inputs is placed at the beginning of the program section to be controlled.
An MCR rung with no conditional inputs is placed at the end of the program section to be controlled.
If the first MCR instruction becomes true, then all the outputs present in between the two MCR instructions will act according to the logic.
If the MCR instruction becomes false, then all the non-retentive outputs will be de-energized and all the retentive outputs will retain their previous state.