A.
To determine: The association between stress and the immune system.
Introduction: Anxiety is the feeling of excessive intense and persistent worry regarding the outcome of an activity or situation that is accompanied by some physiological events such as increased heart rate, sweating, and fatigue.
A.
Explanation of Solution
Stress can be a feeling of emotional or physical tension that can result from a trauma or sudden change in the healthy lifestyle. The stress can also be body’s reaction to a demand or a challenge. The stressors can be the events or alterations that are marked by intense physical, emotional, or psychological trauma that make an individual more prone to develop a mental disorder. The events that disrupt the personal, genetic, social, or professional aspect can increase the chances of psychological disturbance in an individual.
Stress in the body reduces the ability to fight antigens, this is because the stress hormone corticosteroid suppresses the activity of immune system and results in lowering the number of lymphocytes in the blood. The release of adrenaline in stress and anxiety also weaken the immune system and makes the individual more susceptible to viral infections and frequent illness.
B.
To determine: The significance if interventions like music and relaxation exercises in relieving stress.
Introduction: Dopamine is the particular type of neurotransmitter (a chemical released by the end of axon terminal) that regulates the emotions, learning memory and voluntary movement. An antagonist is a substance (a chemical compound, hormone, or drug) that suppress the action of a specific neurotransmitter.
B.
Explanation of Solution
The interventions like relaxation exercises, listening to music, reading and so on can help reduce stress by reducing the concentration of corticosteroid that is released from the adrenal glands under flight-fight response. The reduction in the release of corticosteroid prevents the body to lower the immune system and increases immunity. The relaxation activities also releases dopamine from the brain causing euphoria and restore the normal function of brain and body.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered States
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