Traffic and Highway Engineering - With Mindtap
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305360990
Author: Garber
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Question
Chapter 9, Problem 1P
To determine
The traffic characteristics with each of the levels of service for primary freeway sections.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
Introduction:
Level of service is a qualitative method which is used to describe the operating conditions of a given freeway segment. This method uses density as the variable and alphabetic grading system raging between A to F.
There is 6 basic level of service, which is described below.
- Level of service A.
- Level of service B.
- Level of service C.
- Level of service D.
- Level of service E.
- Level of service F There is a complete blockage in the traffic flow.
The vehicles move freely within the traffic stream without any interruption. Effect of incidents or point breakdown is easily absorbed.
Traffic moves under reasonably free flow condition with minimum restrictions. Effect of incidents or point breakdown is easily absorbed.
The speed of the vehicles is almost equal to free flow speed, but the free flow of the vehicles is constrained. The driver has to be cautious while shifting lanes. Small incidents are absorbed but large incidents direct to queuing of vehicles.
In the traffic stream, the free movement of vehicles is very much restricted, and there is no level of comfort. Even a minor incident leads to queuing of vehicles.
There are no good gaps between the vehicles, and the operations are unbalanced. The entry of vehicles from ramps or sub-lane leads to a blockage in the traffic flow.
Conclusion:
There are six levels of service which are represented alphabetically from A to F. Level of service A being the ideal for driving with decreasing free flow and level of service F being congested.
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Q2/
In a design of a portable sprinkler system, the following information is given:
•
•
The sprinklers are distributed in a square pattern with radius of the wetted circle of
the sprinkler=15 m
Consumption rate = 10 mm/day
Efficiency of irrigation = 60%
Net depth of irrigation (NDI)= 80 mm.
Find the following:
1-Sprinkler application rate if HRS = 11.
2-Number of pipes required for irrigation.
(50 Marks)
3-Discharge of sprinkler, diameter of nozzle, and the working head pressure if C=0.90.
4-Diameter of the sprinkler pipe for Slope=0.
5-Pressure head at the inlet and at the dead end of the sprinkler pipe for Slope=0.
(F² + L²)((SF)² + L²)
L²
2L² ≤ D²
L² + S² ≤ D²
A, = * 1000
S*L
≤D²
N W
Af
m-11-P L'
Hf
= 1.14*109 *
1.852 *
L
*F,where c=120
D4.87
Source
main pipe
180 m
540 m
N
1
1 √m-1
F =
im/Nm+1
=
+
+
m+1
2N
6N2
i=1
Nozzle diameter (mm)
3< ds 4.8
4.8< ds 6.4
6.4
Miniatry of Higher
scent Research
University of Ke
Faculty of Engineering
Cell Engineering Department
2024-2025
Mid Exam-1 st Attempt
Time
Date: 17/04/2025
Notes: Answer all questions. Not all figures are to scale. Assume any values if you need them.
Q1/ A farm with dimensions and slopes (50 Marks)
=
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- 96mm .Manning coefficient = 0.15,
Time of work in the farm is 6
hours/day. Design consumption use of
water from the crop (ET) 16 mm/day,
Width of the agricultural machine equal
to 2.5m, Equation of infiltration - D=
12-05 and Efficiency of irrigation=
60%. You can neglect the recession lag
time. Find the width and number of the
borders, Irrigation interval and time
required to irrigate the whole farm,
Depth of flow in the inlet of border
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day and The neglected recession lag
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30…
Chapter 9 Solutions
Traffic and Highway Engineering - With Mindtap
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