(a) Interpretation: The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Berylium-10 to Boron-10. Concept Introduction: An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission. Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Berylium-10 to Boron-10.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Beta emission- Beryllium-10 to Boron-10.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Explanation of Solution

Beryllium-10- 10Be is an isotope of beryllium contains 4 protons and six neutrons. This isotope of beryllium is unstable and decay rapidly. Its decay emits one neutron and results into boron-10 with five protons and five neutrons. This radiation is called as beta emission.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction.The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Gamma emission- Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Explanation of Solution

Europium- 151m is an isotope of europium which contains unstable nucleus and to get stable it emits gamma radiation and achieves low energy state in form of Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Positron emission- Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Explanation of Solution

Thallium-195 contains 81 protons and 123 neutrons and emits one positron that is an electron but positively charged and results into a new molecule with one number less atomic mass as mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Alpha emission- Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

Explanation of Solution

Plutonium- 239 contains 94 protons and 145 neutrons. It undergoes alpha emission that emits helium nucleus and converted into uranium-235 with 92 protons and 143 neutrons.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Berylium-10 to Boron-10.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Beta emission- Beryllium-10 to Boron-10.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Explanation of Solution

Beryllium-10- 10Be is an isotope of beryllium contains 4 protons and six neutrons. This isotope of beryllium is unstable and decay rapidly. Its decay emits one neutron and results into boron-10 with five protons and five neutrons. This radiation is called as beta emission.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction.The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Gamma emission- Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Explanation of Solution

Europium- 151m is an isotope of europium which contains unstable nucleus and to get stable it emits gamma radiation and achieves low energy state in form of Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Positron emission- Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Explanation of Solution

Thallium-195 contains 81 protons and 123 neutrons and emits one positron that is an electron but positively charged and results into a new molecule with one number less atomic mass as mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Alpha emission- Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

Explanation of Solution

Plutonium- 239 contains 94 protons and 145 neutrons. It undergoes alpha emission that emits helium nucleus and converted into uranium-235 with 92 protons and 143 neutrons.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Berylium-10 to Boron-10.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Beta emission- Beryllium-10 to Boron-10.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Explanation of Solution

Beryllium-10- 10Be is an isotope of beryllium contains 4 protons and six neutrons. This isotope of beryllium is unstable and decay rapidly. Its decay emits one neutron and results into boron-10 with five protons and five neutrons. This radiation is called as beta emission.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction.The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Gamma emission- Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Explanation of Solution

Europium- 151m is an isotope of europium which contains unstable nucleus and to get stable it emits gamma radiation and achieves low energy state in form of Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Positron emission- Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Explanation of Solution

Thallium-195 contains 81 protons and 123 neutrons and emits one positron that is an electron but positively charged and results into a new molecule with one number less atomic mass as mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Alpha emission- Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

Explanation of Solution

Plutonium- 239 contains 94 protons and 145 neutrons. It undergoes alpha emission that emits helium nucleus and converted into uranium-235 with 92 protons and 143 neutrons.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Berylium-10 to Boron-10.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Beta emission- Beryllium-10 to Boron-10.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Explanation of Solution

Beryllium-10- 10Be is an isotope of beryllium contains 4 protons and six neutrons. This isotope of beryllium is unstable and decay rapidly. Its decay emits one neutron and results into boron-10 with five protons and five neutrons. This radiation is called as beta emission.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction.The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Gamma emission- Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Explanation of Solution

Europium- 151m is an isotope of europium which contains unstable nucleus and to get stable it emits gamma radiation and achieves low energy state in form of Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Positron emission- Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Explanation of Solution

Thallium-195 contains 81 protons and 123 neutrons and emits one positron that is an electron but positively charged and results into a new molecule with one number less atomic mass as mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Alpha emission- Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

Explanation of Solution

Plutonium- 239 contains 94 protons and 145 neutrons. It undergoes alpha emission that emits helium nucleus and converted into uranium-235 with 92 protons and 143 neutrons.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Berylium-10 to Boron-10.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Beta emission- Beryllium-10 to Boron-10.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Explanation of Solution

Beryllium-10- 10Be is an isotope of beryllium contains 4 protons and six neutrons. This isotope of beryllium is unstable and decay rapidly. Its decay emits one neutron and results into boron-10 with five protons and five neutrons. This radiation is called as beta emission.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction.The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Gamma emission- Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Explanation of Solution

Europium- 151m is an isotope of europium which contains unstable nucleus and to get stable it emits gamma radiation and achieves low energy state in form of Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Positron emission- Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Explanation of Solution

Thallium-195 contains 81 protons and 123 neutrons and emits one positron that is an electron but positively charged and results into a new molecule with one number less atomic mass as mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Alpha emission- Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

Explanation of Solution

Plutonium- 239 contains 94 protons and 145 neutrons. It undergoes alpha emission that emits helium nucleus and converted into uranium-235 with 92 protons and 143 neutrons.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Berylium-10 to Boron-10.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Beta emission- Beryllium-10 to Boron-10.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Explanation of Solution

Beryllium-10- 10Be is an isotope of beryllium contains 4 protons and six neutrons. This isotope of beryllium is unstable and decay rapidly. Its decay emits one neutron and results into boron-10 with five protons and five neutrons. This radiation is called as beta emission.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Berylium-10 to Boron-10.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Beta emission- Beryllium-10 to Boron-10.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Beryllium-10- 10Be is an isotope of beryllium contains 4 protons and six neutrons. This isotope of beryllium is unstable and decay rapidly. Its decay emits one neutron and results into boron-10 with five protons and five neutrons. This radiation is called as beta emission.

10Be→10B+e−10.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction.The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Gamma emission- Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Explanation of Solution

Europium- 151m is an isotope of europium which contains unstable nucleus and to get stable it emits gamma radiation and achieves low energy state in form of Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation needs to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction.The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Gamma emission- Europium- 151m to Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Europium- 151m is an isotope of europium which contains unstable nucleus and to get stable it emits gamma radiation and achieves low energy state in form of Europium-151.

e151mu→e151u+γ.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Positron emission- Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Explanation of Solution

Thallium-195 contains 81 protons and 123 neutrons and emits one positron that is an electron but positively charged and results into a new molecule with one number less atomic mass as mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Positron emission- Thalium-195 to Mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

Thallium-195 contains 81 protons and 123 neutrons and emits one positron that is an electron but positively charged and results into a new molecule with one number less atomic mass as mercury-195.

195TH→195Hg+e+10.

Answer 27

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Alpha emission- Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

Explanation of Solution

Plutonium- 239 contains 94 protons and 145 neutrons. It undergoes alpha emission that emits helium nucleus and converted into uranium-235 with 92 protons and 143 neutrons.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced nuclear equation need to be written and the emitted radiation should be determined for Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

Concept Introduction:

An element containing isotopes which are emitting radiations are known as radioactive isotopes. This can emit radiation because of instability its nuclei. Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. The emissions occurs due to nuclear reactions are alpha emission, beta emission, positron emission and gamma emission.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 19P

Alpha emission- Plutonium-239 to uranium-235.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

Plutonium- 239 contains 94 protons and 145 neutrons. It undergoes alpha emission that emits helium nucleus and converted into uranium-235 with 92 protons and 143 neutrons.

P94239u→U92235+H24e.