APPS & INV IN EARTH SCIENCE, LAB MANUAL
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135943601
Author: Lutgens
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8.4C, Problem 3A
Summary Introduction
The type of features that are found on each letter provided in the given figure.
Introduction:
A contour or topographic map possesses the actual representation of large scale structures such as valleys, hills, and river features and also shows the quantitative representation.
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Exercise Ten / Geologic Time
177
d. Based on the ages of the rock layers in outcrop 1, identify an unconformity. Remember that an unconformity is
a break in the rock record. Draw a wavy line on the figure to represent the unconformity.
Ginkgo
Period
Ginkgo
Lepidodendron
Dimetrodon
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Tyrannosaurus
Calamites
Inoceramus
Period
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Rhodocrinites
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Phacops
Agnostus
Outcrop 1
Period
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Ichthyosaurus
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Sharks
Ceratites
Period
Paleolimulus
A Figure 10.17 Sequences of sedimentary rock layers to accompany Question 7.
10.8 Numerical Dating with Radioactivity
■ Explain the principle of radiometric dating, including half-life, parent isotope,
and daughter product.
Radioactivity has provided a reliable means for calculating the numerical (absolute) age of
rocks, a procedure called radiometric dating. Radioactive isotopes, such as uranium-238,
emit particles from their nuclei that we call radiation. Ultimately, the process of decay…
Dike K
H
Fault L
Figure 10.12 Geologic block diagram of a hypothetical area.
C
Youngest
B
Intrusion J
Oldest
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Chapter 8 Solutions
APPS & INV IN EARTH SCIENCE, LAB MANUAL
Ch. 8.1 - Sketch, label, and discuss the hydrologic cycle....Ch. 8.1 - Sketch, label, and discuss the hydrologic cycle....Ch. 8.1 - Sketch, label, and discuss the hydrologic cycle....Ch. 8.1 - Sketch, label, and discuss the hydrologic cycle....Ch. 8.1 - Sketch, label, and discuss the hydrologic cycle....Ch. 8.1 - Label the drawing in Figure 8.2 with the letters...Ch. 8.2 - Of the three materials you tested coarse sand,...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2ACh. 8.2 - Prob. 3ACh. 8.2 - Prob. 4A
Ch. 8.3 - Does urbanization increase or decrease the peak...Ch. 8.3 - What is the effect of urbanization on lag time the...Ch. 8.3 - Does total runoff occur over a longer or shorter...Ch. 8.3 - Based on what you have learned from the...Ch. 8.4A - Compare the stereogram in Figure 8.7 to the map in...Ch. 8.4A - Is the terrain in section 14, located on the west...Ch. 8.4A - Label the areas that topographically resemble...Ch. 8.4A - Describe the topography in the lower half of...Ch. 8.4A - Section 17 contains a portion of the valley...Ch. 8.4A - Which of the following best describes the shape of...Ch. 8.4A - Calculate the gradient, or slope, of this portion...Ch. 8.4A - Approximately how many feet is the Missouri River...Ch. 8.4A - What are the features in the river labeled with...Ch. 8.4A - Based on your answer to Question 9, are the...Ch. 8.4A - Over time, as tributaries erode and lengthen their...Ch. 8.4B - Draw an arrow on the map to indicate the direction...Ch. 8.4B - Use the BM elevations from Question 1 to calculate...Ch. 8.4B - Approximately how many feet is the Genesee River...Ch. 8.4B - The path of the Genesee River can best be...Ch. 8.4B - Which phrase most accurately describes most of the...Ch. 8.4B - Use the fractional scales on the Angelica...Ch. 8.4C - Approximately what percentage of the map area is...Ch. 8.4C - Prob. 2ACh. 8.4C - Prob. 3ACh. 8.4C - Prob. 4ACh. 8.4C - Prob. 5ACh. 8.4C - Write a statement that compares the width of the...Ch. 8.4C - Is the Red River actively downcutting its channel...Ch. 8.4C - On which of the three maps is the gradient of the...Ch. 8.4C - Choosing from Figure 8.6, Figure 8.8, or Figure...Ch. 8.5 - Label the zone of saturation, the unsaturated...Ch. 8.5 - Describe the shape of the water table in...Ch. 8.5 - Whenever a substantial amount of water is...Ch. 8.5 - Use a pencil to shade the area between the dashed...Ch. 8.5 - How does the drop in the water table during a...Ch. 8.6 - Calculate the elevation of the water table at each...Ch. 8.6 - Assume that a dye was put into well A on May 10,...Ch. 8.7 - What is the general relationship between ground...Ch. 8.7 - What was the total ground subsidence, and what was...Ch. 8.7 - During the period shown on the graph, on average,...Ch. 8.7 - Was the ground subsidence that occurred between...Ch. 8.7 - Notice that minimal subsidence occurred from 1935...Ch. 8.8 - Locate three sinkholes depressions on the map and...Ch. 8.8 - Notice that several sinkholes have water in them....Ch. 8.8 - Describe what is happening to Gardner Creek in the...Ch. 8 - Write a statement or two describing the movement...Ch. 8 - Assume that you need to determine the rate at...Ch. 8 - Write a brief paragraph summarizing the results of...Ch. 8 - The diagrams in Figure 8.20 show lag time between...Ch. 8 - On Figure 8.21, identify and label as many...Ch. 8 - Name and describe two features you would expect to...Ch. 8 - On Figure 8.22, identify and label as many...Ch. 8 - Assume that you have decided to drill a water...Ch. 8 - Name and describe two features you would expect to...
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- I need help with part b and c. I don't want an explanation I need the actual graph, because it's hard to understand an explanation without showing what they mean.arrow_forwardI need help with part b and c. I don't want an explanation I need the actual graph preferably broken down, because it's hard to understand an explanation without showing what they mean.arrow_forwardI need help with part b and c I don't know how to draw it.arrow_forward
- 4. What is the geologic range of the fossil shown in Figure 10.15? From the Ordovician period through the Permian period. 5. What is the geologic range of the fossil shown in Figure 10.16? From the Cambrian period through the Permian period. 6. Imagine that you have discovered a rock outcrop that contains the fossils identified in Questions 4 and 5. What is the geologic range of this rock?From theperiod through the period.arrow_forward4. What is the geologic range of the fossil shown in Figure 10.15? From the period through the period5. What is the geologic range of the fossil shown in Figure 10.16? From the period through the period.arrow_forwardACTIVITY 10.6 Types of Fossils Pg 174 1. Refer to Figure 10.13. Which photo(s) (A-1) best illustrate(s) the methods of fossilization or fossil evidence listed below? (Photos/letters may be used more than once.)Permineralization: The small internal cavities and pores of an original organism that are filled with precipitated mineral matter. Photo(s):Cast: The space once occupied by a dissolved shell or other structure that is subsequently filled with mineral matter. Photo(s):Carbonization: Preservation that occurs when fine sediment encases delicate plant or animal forms and leaves a residue of carbon, Photo(s):Impression: A replica of an organism, such as a leaf, left in fine-grained sedimentary rock. Photo(s):Amber: Hardened resin of ancient trees that preserved delicate organisms such as insects. Photo(s):Indirect evidence: Traces of prehistoric life but not the organism itself. Photo(s):arrow_forward
- ACTIVITY 10.7 Fossils as Time Indicators Pgs 175-176Use Figure 10.14, page 175, to complete the following. 1. What is the geologic range of plants that belong to the group Ginkgo?From theperiod through theperiod. 2. What is the geologic range of Lepidodendron, an extinct coal-producing plant?From theperiod through theperiod. 3. Imagine that you have discovered an outcrop of sedimentary rock that contains fossil shark teeth and fossils of Archimedes. In which time periods might this rock have formed?From theperiod through theperiod.arrow_forwardACTIVITY 10.4 Unconformities Pg 1721. Label the angular unconformity and disconformity on Figure 10.10. 2. Identify the types of unconformities in Figure 10.11A and Figure 10.11Barrow_forwardACTIVITY 10.3 Principles of Cross-Cutting and Inclusions Pg 171Figure 10.8 is a geologic cross-section of a hypothetical area. Use it to answer the following questions. 1. Is the igneous intrusion, dike E, older or younger than rock layers A-D? 2. Is fault H older or younger than rock layers A-D? 3. Is fault H older or younger than sedimentary layers F and G? 4. Did fault H occur before or after dike E? Explain how you arrived at your answer. 5. What evidence supports the conclusion that the igneous intrusion labeled sili B is more recent than the rock layers on either side (A and C)? ACTIVITY 10.5 Applying Relative Dating Principles Pg 173Use Figure 10.12 to complete the following. 1. Identify and label the unconformities in Figure 10.12. 2. Is rock layer I older or younger than layer H? What relative dating principle did you apply to determine your answer?Rock layer I isthan layer H.Relative dating principle: 3. Is fault L older or younger than rock layer D? What principle did you…arrow_forward
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