EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
15th Edition
ISBN: 8220103633352
Author: Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8.4, Problem 3MQ
- What is meant by the term plating efficiency?
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 8 Solutions
EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
Ch. 8.1 - How does a virus differ from a cell?Ch. 8.1 - Why does a virus need a host cell?Ch. 8.1 - Compared with cells, what is unusual about viral...Ch. 8.1 - Once inside a host prokaryotic cell, what are the...Ch. 8.2 - Distinguish between a capsid and a capsomere. What...Ch. 8.2 - What is the difference between a naked virus and...Ch. 8.2 - What kinds of enzymes can be found within the...Ch. 8.2 - Where does the envelope surrounding animal viruses...Ch. 8.3 - What is packaged into capsids during maturation?Ch. 8.3 - Explain the term burst size.
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.3 - Why does a one-step growth curve differ in shape...Ch. 8.4 - What is meant by a viral titer?Ch. 8.4 - What is a plaque-forming unit?Ch. 8.4 - What is meant by the term plating efficiency?Ch. 8.4 - Describe the events that occur on an agar plate...Ch. 8.5 - How does attachment contribute to virushost...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 8.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.5 - What is required for a bacteriophage T4 virion to...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 8.6 - Give one example each of T4 early, middle, and...Ch. 8.6 - What is required to package the T4 genome into its...Ch. 8.6 - Bacteriophage T4 lacks its own RNA polymerase. How...Ch. 8.7 - What is a lysogen and what is a prophage?Ch. 8.7 - How does DNA replication in lambda differ from...Ch. 8.7 - What commits lambda to the lytic versus the...Ch. 8.7 - What enzyme is required to form a prophage, and...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 8.8 - What is the difference between a persistent and a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 8.8 - Why can it be said that the retrovirus genome is...Ch. 8 - What causes the viral plaques that appear on a...Ch. 8 - The promoters on genes encoding early proteins in...Ch. 8 - Under some conditions, it is possible to obtain...
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- Select a diet and give a summary of the main components. Do a web search of the diet and choose one link that provides misinformation. Explain why the site itself and/or the information on the site is not credible. This should be a report. This site should be different from U.S News and World Report. For full credit, you must include the following information and elaborate in detail: The diet name The main components of the diet The misinformation website and link What misinformation is being provided in the other website and how did you determine it was not credible?arrow_forward1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.arrow_forward2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…arrow_forward
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