Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8.3, Problem 7CC
Given the values in Table 8.2, use the Nernst equation to calculate the equilibrium potential for Ca2+. Express the concentrations as powers of 10 and use your knowledge of logarithms [p. A-00] to try the calculations without a calculator.
TABLE 8.2 Ion Concentrations and Equilibrium Potentials
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Note: Reference the Standard reduction potentials at 25 °C table for additional information.
H₂
V
X
5
(a)
Table Q1(a) shows typical values for the intracellular and extracellular
concentrations of the major ion species (in millimoles per litre) for frog skeletal
Q1
muscle.
Table Q1(a)
Permeability (cm/s)
2 x 10-8
2 x 106
4 x 10-6
Ions
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Extracellular
Na*
12
145
K*
155
4
4
120
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - Organize the following terms describing functional...Ch. 8.2 - Where do neurohormone-secreting neurons terminate?Ch. 8.2 - What is the difference between a nerve and a...Ch. 8.2 - Draw a chain of three neurons that synapse on one...Ch. 8.2 - What is the primary function of each of the...Ch. 8.2 - Name the two glial cell types that form myelin....Ch. 8.3 - Given the values in Table 8.2, use the Nernst...Ch. 8.3 - Would a cell with a resting membrane potential of...Ch. 8.3 - Would the cell membrane depolarize or...Ch. 8.3 - Match each ions movement with the type of graded...
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 11CCCh. 8.3 - What is the difference between conductance and...Ch. 8.3 - If you put ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na+-K+...Ch. 8.3 - The pyrethrin insecticides, derived from...Ch. 8.3 - When Na+ channel gates are resetting, is the...Ch. 8.3 - A stimulating electrode placed halfway down an...Ch. 8.3 - Place the following neurons in order of their...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 18CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 19CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 20CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 21CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 22CCCh. 8.4 - Classify the H+-neurotransmitter exchange as...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 24CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 25CCCh. 8.4 - Is Na+-dependent neurotransmitter reuptake...Ch. 8.5 - In Figure 8.24e, assume the postsynaptic neuron...Ch. 8.5 - In the graphs of Figure 8.24a, b, why doesnt the...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 29CCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 30CCCh. 8 - List the three functional classes of neurons, and...Ch. 8 - Somatic motor neurons control __________, and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Axonal transport refers to the (a) release of...Ch. 8 - Match the numbers of the appropriate...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following events in the proper...Ch. 8 - List the four major types of ion channels found in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11RQCh. 8 - An action potential is (circle all correct...Ch. 8 - Choose from the following ions to fill in the...Ch. 8 - What is the myelin sheath?Ch. 8 - List two factors that enhance conduction speed.Ch. 8 - Prob. 16RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a graph of an action potential....Ch. 8 - Prob. 18RQCh. 8 - Prob. 19RQCh. 8 - Create a map showing the organization of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21RQCh. 8 - Prob. 22RQCh. 8 - Prob. 23RQCh. 8 - Prob. 24RQCh. 8 - The presence of myelin allows an axon to (choose...Ch. 8 - Define, compare, and contrast the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27RQCh. 8 - Prob. 28RQCh. 8 - Prob. 29RQCh. 8 - Prob. 30RQCh. 8 - An unmyelinated axon has a much greater...Ch. 8 - The GHK equation is sometimes abbreviated to...Ch. 8 - In each of the following scenarios, will an action...
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- Using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, determine what happens to the resting membrane potential if the ECF K+ concentration doubles to 10 mM.arrow_forwardCalculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under normal physiological conditions: 4 mM serum potassium, 135 mM intracellular potassium, 37.1 °C, and resting potential -82 mV. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under disturbed conditions of 2 mM serum potassium. Assume all other parameters remain the same. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. What factors could limit the continued action of the sodium/potassium pump when only 2 mM potassium is present in the blood plasma? Note that under normal physiological conditions, the cell interior contains 11 mM sodium and the blood contains 140 mM sodium.arrow_forwardV=62 log 10 (C0/Ci ) for a positive ion at 37 degrees Celsius. What is theoretical ratio of solution ion across the membrane when the resting membrane potential is 124 mV?arrow_forward
- How long would it take to reduce 1 mole of each of the following ions using the current indicated? Assume the voltage is sufficient to perform the reduction.(a) Al3+, 1.234 A(b) Ca2+, 22.2 A(c) Cr5+, 37.45 A(d) Au3+, 3.57 Aarrow_forward1. Given the following concentrations: K* Na* ICF 140 mM 14 mM 10 mM ECF 5 mM 145 mM 140 mM Calculate the equilibrium potentials of K, Na and Cl using the Nernst equation. EK = ENa = ECi =arrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential (RMP) is the voltage measured in a cell during resting state. It is particularly critical for the proper functioning highly excitable cells such as neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Identify the major ionic player then describe how it gives rise to and maintains RMP.arrow_forward
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- Calculate, or make a best estimate of, the unknown factors in the situations listed in Table 1. Table 1. Data for problem 1. To find Data (i) Ek [K+]out = 4 mM; [K+]in = 130 mM (ii) [Cl-]in [Cl-]out = 570 mM; ECl = -65 mV (iii) ECl [Cl-]out = 150 mM; [Cl-]in = 8 mM; in a mammal (iv) [Na+]in Overshoot of action potential = +35 mV; saline [Na+] = 112 mM (v) [K+]in Blood [K+] = 3.2 mM; undershoot of action potential = -87 mV (vi) ECa [Ca2+]out = 5.6 mM; free [Ca2+]in = 0.8 mM (vii) [K+]out [K+]in = 350 mM; Ek = -82 mVarrow_forwardSystemic blood pressure is expressed as the ratio of the systolic pressure (when the heart first ejects blood into the arteries) to the diastolic pressure (when the heart is relaxed). Normal systemic blood pressure is 12080. What is the maximum force (in newtons) that the blood exerts against each square centimeter of the heart for a person with normal blood pressure?arrow_forwardExample The standard half electrode potential for Fe²+ vs SHE is 0.77 V. What is the value of Ee at T = 298K when: [Fe³+] = 0.2 mol l-1 [Fe2+] = 0.05 mol 1-1arrow_forward
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