The formula for calculating the energies of an electron in a hydrogenlike ion is given in Problem 8.57. This equation cannot be applied to many-electron atoms. One way to modify it for the more complex atoms is to replace Z with ( Z − σ ), where Z is the atomic number and σ is a positive dimensionless quantity called the shielding constant. Consider the helium atom as an example. The physical significance of σ is that it represents the extent of shielding that the two 1 s electrons exert on each other. Thus, the quantity ( Z − σ ) is appropriately called the “effective nuclear charge.” Calculate the value of σ if the first ionization energy of helium is 3.94 × 10 −18 J per atom. (Ignore the minus sign in the given equation in your calculation.)
The formula for calculating the energies of an electron in a hydrogenlike ion is given in Problem 8.57. This equation cannot be applied to many-electron atoms. One way to modify it for the more complex atoms is to replace Z with ( Z − σ ), where Z is the atomic number and σ is a positive dimensionless quantity called the shielding constant. Consider the helium atom as an example. The physical significance of σ is that it represents the extent of shielding that the two 1 s electrons exert on each other. Thus, the quantity ( Z − σ ) is appropriately called the “effective nuclear charge.” Calculate the value of σ if the first ionization energy of helium is 3.94 × 10 −18 J per atom. (Ignore the minus sign in the given equation in your calculation.)
Solution Summary: The author explains that the value for sigma should be calculated using the given data and conditions.
The formula for calculating the energies of an electron in a hydrogenlike ion is given in Problem 8.57. This equation cannot be applied to many-electron atoms. One way to modify it for the more complex atoms is to replace Z with (Z − σ), where Z is the atomic number and σ is a positive dimensionless quantity called the shielding constant. Consider the helium atom as an example. The physical significance of σ is that it represents the extent of shielding that the two 1s electrons exert on each other. Thus, the quantity (Z − σ) is appropriately called the “effective nuclear charge.” Calculate the value of σ if the first ionization energy of helium is 3.94 × 10−18 J per atom. (Ignore the minus sign in the given equation in your calculation.)
Definition Definition Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It uniquely identifies an element, as the number of protons determines the element's properties. The periodic table of elements is arranged based on increasing atomic numbers, allowing scientists to easily locate and study elements.
Highlight each glycosidic bond in the molecule below. Then answer the questions in the table under the drawing area.
HO-
HO-
-0
OH
OH
HO
NG
HO-
HO-
OH
OH
OH
OH
NG
OH
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+
Suppose the molecule in the drawing area below were reacted with H₂ over a platinum catalyst. Edit the molecule to show what would happen to it. That is, turn
it into the product of the reaction.
Also, write the name of the product molecule under the drawing area.
Name: ☐
H
C=0
X
H-
OH
HO-
H
HO-
-H
CH₂OH
×
Draw the Haworth projection of the disaccharide made by joining D-glucose and D-mannose with a ẞ(1-4) glycosidic bond. If the disaccharide has more than
one anomer, you can draw any of them.
Click and drag to start drawing a
structure.
X
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Lanthanoids and its Position in Periodic Table - D and F Block Elements - Chemistry Class 12; Author: Ekeeda;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZM04kRxm6tY;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY